Results from cox regressions on self-employment duration among refugees and labor migrants in Sweden, 2005–2012
| Labor migrants | Refugees | |
|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | ||
| Ethnic capital | 0.340 (0.500) | 0.827 (0.207) |
| Family financial capital (family disposable income (ln)) | 0.959** (0.0189) | 0.931*** (0.00774) |
| Family human capital (average family years of education) | 1.027** (0.0124) | 1.042*** (0.00558) |
| Family entrepreneurial capital (average No. of entrepreneurs in a family) | 0.367*** (0.0158) | 0.428*** (0.00763) |
| Control variables – individual | ||
| Entrepreneur’s age (years) | 0.991** (0.00430) | 0.987*** (0.00148) |
| Gender (Female = 1) | 0.863* (0.0759) | 0.960 (0.0330) |
| Number of children | 0.908** (0.0343) | 1.017 (0.0121) |
| Years since immigration | 0.989 (0.00908) | 0.998 (0.00242) |
| Years of education | 0.975** (0.0107) | 0.970*** (0.00565) |
| Control variables – industry | ||
| Information and communication | 0.703** (0.110) | 0.514*** (0.0592) |
| Construction | 0.268*** (0.0301) | 0.360*** (0.0356) |
| Hotels and restaurants | 0.629*** (0.0966) | 0.292*** (0.0156) |
| Transport and retail | 0.596*** (0.0776) | 0.327*** (0.0128) |
| Business services | 0.338*** (0.0591) | 0.656*** (0.0518) |
| Finance and real estate | 1.064 (0.302) | 0.645*** (0.0831) |
| Health and education | 1.133 (0.138) | 1.158*** (0.051) |
| Control variables – region of birth | ||
| Europe | 1.296* (0.189) | 0.856*** (0.0511) |
| Middle East | 1.288 (0.275) | 0.985 (0.0524) |
| Former Soviet Union | 1.400 (0.327) | 0.844* (0.0814) |
| Asia | 1.083 (0.226) | 1.052 (0.0790) |
| Control variables – regional environment | ||
| Stockholm County (0/1) | 0.361** (0.171) | 0.412*** (0.0792) |
| Regional GDP (Swedish Län) | 0.995* (0.00245) | 0.995*** (0.00100) |
| Regional level of unemployment | 1.067 (0.0551) | 0.979 (0.0189) |
| Unique number of individuals | 2,503 | 10,519 |
| Exits | 915 | 5,256 |
| Individual-year observations | 6,084 | 27,332 |
| Log Pseudo-likelihood | −5,538.075 | −44,955.91 |
| Labor migrants | Refugees | |
|---|---|---|
| Ethnic capital | 0.340 (0.500) | 0.827 (0.207) |
| Family financial capital (family disposable income (ln)) | 0.959** (0.0189) | 0.931*** (0.00774) |
| Family human capital (average family years of education) | 1.027** (0.0124) | 1.042*** (0.00558) |
| Family entrepreneurial capital (average No. of entrepreneurs in a family) | 0.367*** (0.0158) | 0.428*** (0.00763) |
| Entrepreneur’s age (years) | 0.991** (0.00430) | 0.987*** (0.00148) |
| Gender (Female = 1) | 0.863* (0.0759) | 0.960 (0.0330) |
| Number of children | 0.908** (0.0343) | 1.017 (0.0121) |
| Years since immigration | 0.989 (0.00908) | 0.998 (0.00242) |
| Years of education | 0.975** (0.0107) | 0.970*** (0.00565) |
| Information and communication | 0.703** (0.110) | 0.514*** (0.0592) |
| Construction | 0.268*** (0.0301) | 0.360*** (0.0356) |
| Hotels and restaurants | 0.629*** (0.0966) | 0.292*** (0.0156) |
| Transport and retail | 0.596*** (0.0776) | 0.327*** (0.0128) |
| Business services | 0.338*** (0.0591) | 0.656*** (0.0518) |
| Finance and real estate | 1.064 (0.302) | 0.645*** (0.0831) |
| Health and education | 1.133 (0.138) | 1.158*** (0.051) |
| Europe | 1.296* (0.189) | 0.856*** (0.0511) |
| Middle East | 1.288 (0.275) | 0.985 (0.0524) |
| Former Soviet Union | 1.400 (0.327) | 0.844* (0.0814) |
| Asia | 1.083 (0.226) | 1.052 (0.0790) |
| Stockholm County (0/1) | 0.361** (0.171) | 0.412*** (0.0792) |
| Regional GDP (Swedish Län) | 0.995* (0.00245) | 0.995*** (0.00100) |
| Regional level of unemployment | 1.067 (0.0551) | 0.979 (0.0189) |
| Unique number of individuals | 2,503 | 10,519 |
| Exits | 915 | 5,256 |
| Individual-year observations | 6,084 | 27,332 |
| Log Pseudo-likelihood | −5,538.075 | −44,955.91 |
Notes : *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01