Table 1 Summary of input and output... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Summary of input and output indicators of all variables

Category		Indicator/variable name	Indicator/variable description	Unit	Source
Dependent variable (GTFP)	Input indicator	Labour force	Number of employees	10 000 CNY	Hu and Liu (2015), Wang et al. (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Chen et al. (2016), Nazarko and Chodakowska (2015), Chau et al. (2005), Li and Liu (2010), Zhong et al. (2010)
		Capital	Total assets of construction enterprises	10 000 CNY	Wang et al. (2013), Wei and Niu (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Zhong et al. (2010)
		Machinery and equipment	Total power of machinery and equipment owned	10 000 kW	Wang et al. (2013), Wei and Niu (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Chen et al. (2016)
		Energy	Energy consumption of construction	10 000 t	Hu and Liu (2015), Chen et al. (2016)
	Output indicator	Desirable output indicator	Gross output value of the construction industry	10 000 CNY	Wang et al. (2013), Wei and Niu (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Chen et al. (2016)
			Total profits of the construction industry	10 000 CNY	Liu et al. (2016), Xu et al. (2016), Chen et al. (2016), Nazarko and Chodakowska (2015)
		Undesirable output indicator	Carbon dioxide emissions	t	Zhang et al. (2018)

Independent variable		CER	Number of environmental administrative penalty cases	Piece	Li and Ramanathan (2018), Liu et al. (2018)
		MER	Pollution discharge fee	10 000 CNY	Feng and Chen (2018), Li and Ramanathan (2018), Ren et al. (2018)
		VER	Total number of environmental letters and visits	Pieces	Li and Ramanathan (2018), Feng and Chen (2018)

Control variables		GDP	Regional GDP	100 million CNY	Li and Ramanathan (2018)
		OSS	Proportion of state-owned assets in total assets of regional construction enterprises	%	Feng and Chen (2018), Chen et al. (2018)
		IDP	Proportion of the gross output value of the regional construction industry in regional GDP	%	Ren et al. (2018), Li and Ramanathan (2018)

Category		Indicator/variable name	Indicator/variable description	Unit	Source
Dependent variable (GTFP)	Input indicator	Labour force	Number of employees	10 000 CNY	Hu and Liu (2015), Wang et al. (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Chen et al. (2016), Nazarko and Chodakowska (2015), Chau et al. (2005), Li and Liu (2010), Zhong et al. (2010)
		Capital	Total assets of construction enterprises	10 000 CNY	Wang et al. (2013), Wei and Niu (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Zhong et al. (2010)
		Machinery and equipment	Total power of machinery and equipment owned	10 000 kW	Wang et al. (2013), Wei and Niu (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Chen et al. (2016)
		Energy	Energy consumption of construction	10 000 t	Hu and Liu (2015), Chen et al. (2016)
	Output indicator	Desirable output indicator	Gross output value of the construction industry	10 000 CNY	Wang et al. (2013), Wei and Niu (2013), Xu et al. (2016), Gao and Wang (2013), Chen et al. (2016)
			Total profits of the construction industry	10 000 CNY	Liu et al. (2016), Xu et al. (2016), Chen et al. (2016), Nazarko and Chodakowska (2015)
		Undesirable output indicator	Carbon dioxide emissions	t	Zhang et al. (2018)

Independent variable		CER	Number of environmental administrative penalty cases	Piece	Li and Ramanathan (2018), Liu et al. (2018)
		MER	Pollution discharge fee	10 000 CNY	Feng and Chen (2018), Li and Ramanathan (2018), Ren et al. (2018)
		VER	Total number of environmental letters and visits	Pieces	Li and Ramanathan (2018), Feng and Chen (2018)

Control variables		GDP	Regional GDP	100 million CNY	Li and Ramanathan (2018)
		OSS	Proportion of state-owned assets in total assets of regional construction enterprises	%	Feng and Chen (2018), Chen et al. (2018)
		IDP	Proportion of the gross output value of the regional construction industry in regional GDP	%	Ren et al. (2018), Li and Ramanathan (2018)

1 CNY = US$0.143; GDP, gross domestic product; IDP, industrial development degree; OSS, ownership structure