Table 1.

Composite of all indicators used and their sources given links checked on 20 September 2020

IndicatorsAbbreviationDescriptionSource and remarks
Date of pandemic onsetN/AThe date of reporting the first confirmed case in the countryhttps://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases
Study period endN/AThis end of the analysis of reported cases 13 September 202017 September 2020 https://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases
Gross Domestic ProductsGDPThe monetary value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific periodwww.imf.org
Purchasing Power ParityPPPValue of all final goods and services produced within a country each year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same yearwww.imf.org
Hospital BedsHBAvailable beds at hospitals at all levels of care per one thousand populationhttp://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
Medical DoctorsMDPhysicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners per one thousand populationhttp://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
Universal Health Service Coverage IndexUHSCA composite of essential health servicesStenberg et al. (2017): hereafter, ‘SDG Price Tag’
Daily Confirmed COVID-19 CasesTCCDaily confirmed cases of COVID-19 per million populationhttps://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases
Total Confirmed CasesTCCAccumulative daily number of confirmed COVID-19 cases till per million population till the end of the study periodhttps://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases
Case Fatality RatioCFRNumber of fatalities caused by COVID-19 cases divided by the total number of confirmed caseshttps://ourworldindata.org/covid-deaths
Oxford Covid-19 Government Response TrackerOxCGRTAn index collates indicators related to policies such as school closures, travel bans, etc.https://ourworldindata.org/policy-responses-covid
Current Health ExpenditureCHEIs a percentage of GDP. Estimates of CHE include health-care goods and services consumed during each yearhttps://datacatalog.worldbank.org/current-health-expenditure-gdp

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