Explanations of variable and descriptive statistics
| Variable | Variable specification | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | |||
| Agricultural output | Expected output per ha of maize (500 g) | 14,954.8358 | 8,661.9015 |
| Adaptation measures | Whether a farmer has adopted or not? Yes = 1and no = 0 | 0.7116 | 0.4533 |
| Factor input | |||
| Fertilizer | Fertilizer input per ha (USD/ha) | 345.3040 | 306.7831 |
| Pesticide | Pesticide input per ha (USD/ha) | 46.7891 | 114.6373 |
| Machinery | Machinery rental input per ha (USD/ha) | 91.4791 | 155.1352 |
| Instrumental variables | |||
| Government subsidies | whether farmers get subsidies? Yes = 1 and no = 0 | 0.5735 | 0.3539 |
| Mutual trust | The degree of mutual trust between people: no = 1, few = 2, general = 3, more = 4 and many = 5 | 3.7252 | 0.9975 |
| Endowment characteristics | |||
| Age | Below 20 = 1, 21–30 = 2, 31–40 = 3, 41–50 = 4, 51–65 = 5 and 66 above = 6 | 4.5371 | 0.8967 |
| Education | Illiteracy = 1, primary school = 2, junior middle school = 3, high school = 4 and college graduate or above = 5 | 2.4233 | 0.9454 |
| Gender | 1 = male and 0 = female | 0.9728 | 0.1628 |
| Cultivated land area | Your cultivated and land area (ha) | 0.8128 | 0.7581 |
| Cooperatives | Whether farmers join cooperatives? Yes = 1 and no = 0 | 0.0656 | 0.2477 |
| External environment | |||
| Seriousness of soil and water loss | 1 = no soil erosion, 2 = less serious, 3 = general, 4 = more serious and 5 = very serious | 3.7026 | 1.4704 |
| Variable | Variable specification | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural output | Expected output per ha of maize (500 g) | 14,954.8358 | 8,661.9015 |
| Adaptation measures | Whether a farmer has adopted or not? Yes = 1and no = 0 | 0.7116 | 0.4533 |
| Fertilizer | Fertilizer input per ha (USD/ha) | 345.3040 | 306.7831 |
| Pesticide | Pesticide input per ha (USD/ha) | 46.7891 | 114.6373 |
| Machinery | Machinery rental input per ha (USD/ha) | 91.4791 | 155.1352 |
| Government subsidies | whether farmers get subsidies? Yes = 1 and no = 0 | 0.5735 | 0.3539 |
| Mutual trust | The degree of mutual trust between people: no = 1, few = 2, general = 3, more = 4 and many = 5 | 3.7252 | 0.9975 |
| Age | Below 20 = 1, 21–30 = 2, 31–40 = 3, 41–50 = 4, 51–65 = 5 and 66 above = 6 | 4.5371 | 0.8967 |
| Education | Illiteracy = 1, primary school = 2, junior middle school = 3, high school = 4 and college graduate or above = 5 | 2.4233 | 0.9454 |
| Gender | 1 = male and 0 = female | 0.9728 | 0.1628 |
| Cultivated land area | Your cultivated and land area (ha) | 0.8128 | 0.7581 |
| Cooperatives | Whether farmers join cooperatives? Yes = 1 and no = 0 | 0.0656 | 0.2477 |
| Seriousness of soil and water loss | 1 = no soil erosion, 2 = less serious, 3 = general, 4 = more serious and 5 = very serious | 3.7026 | 1.4704 |