Table 1. Variable description Primary... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Variable description

Primary indicators	Secondary indicators	Description	Source
Carbon price	EUA	ECX carbon futures product price that account for more than 90% of the EU ETS transaction	Wind
Certified emission reduction price	CER	EUA’s complementary product, which can be used to offset a certain percentage of carbon emissions
Economic development	Stoxx600	Industrial development index across 18 EU countries is a barometer of EU industrial development
	Stoxx50	The index can reflect the overall situation of stock prices of large listed companies in the Euro area, and its fluctuations directly affect the economic development of the EU
	FTSE	A barometer of the British economy, it is also known as the three major European stock indexes together with the French CAC40 index and the German DAX index
	CAC40	Barometer of French economic development
	DAX	Barometer of German economic development
Black energy	Coal	European CIF ARA coal price	EEX
Black energy	Brent	Brent crude oil futures price	ICE
Clean energy	Gas	EU natural gas price	ICE
	PV Crystalox Solar	One of the UK’s largest manufacturers of solar power materials, basically representing the status of clean energy development in Europe	Wind
	Nordex	One of Germany’s largest manufacturers of wind power materials, basically representing the status of clean energy development in Europe	Wind

Primary indicators	Secondary indicators	Description	Source
Carbon price	EUA	ECX carbon futures product price that account for more than 90% of the EU ETS transaction	Wind
Certified emission reduction price	CER	EUA’s complementary product, which can be used to offset a certain percentage of carbon emissions
Economic development	Stoxx600	Industrial development index across 18 EU countries is a barometer of EU industrial development
	Stoxx50	The index can reflect the overall situation of stock prices of large listed companies in the Euro area, and its fluctuations directly affect the economic development of the EU
	FTSE	A barometer of the British economy, it is also known as the three major European stock indexes together with the French CAC40 index and the German DAX index
	CAC40	Barometer of French economic development
	DAX	Barometer of German economic development
Black energy	Coal	European CIF ARA coal price	EEX
Black energy	Brent	Brent crude oil futures price	ICE
Clean energy	Gas	EU natural gas price	ICE
	PV Crystalox Solar	One of the UK’s largest manufacturers of solar power materials, basically representing the status of clean energy development in Europe	Wind
	Nordex	One of Germany’s largest manufacturers of wind power materials, basically representing the status of clean energy development in Europe	Wind