Table II

Changes over time in the use of personality descriptors for the positive poles of the factors, positive poles of the facets

InterceptYearSalaryType of functionδ GDP
Fc%ICCestvarsezestvarsezestsezestsezestsez
Extraversion (I+)
1+35.880.15−0.730.290.03−21.871.340.280.0435.61−0.090.02−4.860.140.043.240.240.0213.32
2+3.070.41−5.032.750.17−29.080.860.580.146.12−0.100.05−2.12−0.140.11−1.30−0.070.05−1.44
3+3.110.38−5.062.270.16−32.111.140.930.138.720.230.055.120.480.104.810.070.051.45
4+16.210.33−2.851.430.08−36.021.610.680.0723.540.160.026.800.090.061.700.030.021.40
5+29.410.20−1.330.580.04−31.141.070.290.0427.710.050.022.530.280.046.550.080.024.40
 54.430.200.200.420.045.291.680.370.0440.67−0.020.02−1.210.330.047.420.180.0210.27
Agreeableness (II+)
1+21.720.21−1.670.950.05−31.610.930.720.0518.04−0.030.02−1.250.010.050.190.140.026.84
2+0.000.98
3+1.280.40−5.851.930.21−27.970.660.380.183.720.040.070.560.690.144.770.070.070.99
4+5.980.27−4.300.990.12−36.641.700.370.0918.450.040.031.110.530.077.300.030.040.80
5+31.300.14−0.930.500.04−2.831.140.360.0429.09−0.090.02−5.080.030.040.810.220.0212.08
 44.690.15−0.240.440.04−6.361.350.470.0432.19−0.080.02−4.570.140.043.420.210.0212.55
Conscientiousness (III+)
1+5.320.14−3.250.470.06−52.12−0.340.390.06−6.070.000.03−0.060.000.080.03−0.020.03−0.68
2+2.080.16−4.600.560.12−37.860.770.210.107.44−0.090.05−1.820.630.115.800.150.062.57
3+3.970.20−4.030.850.09−42.520.900.140.0811.54−0.330.04−8.720.170.091.950.200.044.45
4+33.500.15−1.080.380.04−30.290.670.200.0321.310.180.0210.100.590.0414.780.010.020.64
5+1.290.39−6.142.600.28−21.941.670.730.227.53−0.210.07−3.18−0.660.19−3.570.200.092.38
 39.970.12−0.710.320.03−21.850.620.180.0321.690.090.025.580.560.0414.520.000.020.09
Emotional stability (IV+)
1+3.920.31−5.002.020.14−34.981.510.530.1114.150.120.043.140.970.0811.660.020.050.46
2+0.970.66−8.069.090.44−18.301.982.360.345.830.160.082.010.880.175.300.070.090.74
3+9.660.18−2.830.680.06−48.340.410.320.057.950.070.032.660.340.065.710.170.036.28
4+0.000.98
5+39.650.10−0.540.210.03−18.900.750.130.0328.27−0.120.02−7.300.080.041.940.070.024.70
 45.900.11−0.280.260.03−9.460.770.140.0328.41−0.090.02−5.510.180.044.770.080.025.08
Openness to new experiences (V+)
1+2030.49−6.905.830.35−19.932.062.630.277.700.180.063.04−0.140.14−1.03−0.100.07−1.45
2+4.280.37−4.921.750.16−31.211.520.690.1312.070.070.041.770.460.095.10−0.140.04−3.09
3+5.860.29−4.241.150.11−37.911.450.320.0916.400.090.032.510.600.087.98−0.060.04−1.63
4+22.790.23−1.910.620.05−38.461.180.210.0427.820.080.023.900.140.053.050.110.025.52
5+8.260.18−2.950.650.06−48.660.660.230.0512.760.170.035.900.080.061.170.190.036.43
 30.820.21−1.340.460.04−32.861.240.200.0433.670.110.025.940.240.045.580.110.026.09

Notes: The results for the multilevel analyses at the factor level are printed in italics. Fc = Positive pole of the facet; % = Percent of job ads that contained at least one occurrence of a personality descriptor, including germane variations; ICC = Interclass correlation; est = estimated regression coefficient; var = variance of the estimated regression coefficient across municipalities; se = standard error of the estimated regression coefficient; z = z-statistic of the estimated regression coefficient, z-values larger than 1.96 or smaller than −1.96 are considered statistically significant. No multilevel regression model could be estimated for clusters (II+, 2+) and (IV+; 4+), because barely any job ads contained personality descriptors related to these clusters

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