Changes over time in the use of personality descriptors for the positive poles of the factors, negative poles of the facets
| Intercept | Year | Salary | Type of function | δ GDP | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fc | % | ICC | est | var | se | z | est | var | se | z | est | se | z | est | se | z | est | se | z |
| Extraversion (I+) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2− | 0.03 | 0.00 | −8.55 | 0.00 | 0.59 | −14.42 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 1.32 | −0.52 | 0.38 | −1.37 | −0.30 | 1.10 | −0.27 | −0.39 | 0.35 | −1.10 |
| 3− | 2.33 | 0.60 | −8.90 | 12.45 | 0.58 | −15.22 | 3.71 | 5.32 | 0.42 | 8.74 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 1.52 | 0.43 | 0.13 | 3.35 | −0.28 | 0.07 | −3.71 |
| 4− | 1.34 | 0.68 | −8.62 | 8.58 | 0.62 | −13.88 | 2.66 | 3.42 | 0.49 | 5.45 | −0.29 | 0.07 | −4.03 | −0.17 | 0.17 | −0.98 | −0.05 | 0.10 | −0.47 |
| 5− | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3.61 | 0.50 | −7.02 | 6.11 | 0.35 | −19.99 | 2.90 | 2.32 | 0.26 | 11.13 | −0.10 | 0.05 | −2.26 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 1.98 | −0.15 | 0.06 | −2.59 | |
| Agreeableness (II+) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1− | 0.32 | 0.45 | −7.26 | 2.64 | 0.41 | −17.51 | 0.35 | 1.44 | 0.36 | 0.94 | −0.05 | 0.13 | −0.37 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 1.44 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.85 |
| 2− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 0.32 | 0.45 | −7.25 | 2.64 | 0.41 | −17.54 | 0.35 | 1.44 | 0.36 | 0.93 | −0.06 | 0.13 | −0.45 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 1.47 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.85 | |
| Conscientiousness (III+) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1− | 0.29 | 0.83 | −8.80 | 10.36 | 0.90 | −333.56 | 0.06 | 0.60 | 0.54 | −0.58 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 12.99 | 0.02 | 0.29 | −0.31 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 1.52 |
| 2− | 0.10 | 0.94 | −12.52 | 50.56 | 0.53 | −3,610.17 | −0.08 | 0.21 | 0.36 | −22.45 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 80.72 | −0.28 | 0.32 | −61.73 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 133.89 |
| 3− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5− | 0.40 | 0.71 | −8.14 | 4.38 | 0.53 | −15.32 | 1.5 | 1.17 | 0.43 | 3.48 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 3.67 | 0.64 | 0.25 | 2.61 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 1.66 |
| 0.78 | 0.38 | −6.55 | 2.45 | 0.31 | −459.27 | 1.24 | 0.58 | 0.26 | 85.75 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 31.58 | 0.37 | 0.18 | 2.08 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 14.30 | |
| Emotional stability (IV+) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1− | 1.03 | 0.40 | −5.79 | 2.00 | 0.22 | −26.14 | −0.30 | 1.29 | 0.19 | −1.58 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.98 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.94 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 3.41 |
| 2− | 0.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3− | 0.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.03 | 0.40 | −5.79 | 2.00 | 0.22 | −26.16 | −0.31 | 1.30 | 0.19 | −1.58 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.95 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 3.41 | |
| Openness to new experiences (V+) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1− | 11.06 | 0.18 | −2.82 | 0.39 | 0.06 | −48.7 | 1.15 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 22.05 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 5.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 4.37 |
| 2− | 3.89 | 0.40 | −5.57 | 2.00 | 0.21 | −26.48 | 2.03 | 0.97 | 0.16 | 12.38 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.12 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 2.40 | −0.15 | 0.05 | −2.84 |
| 3− | 0.01 | 0.00 | −19.45 | 0.00 | 11.16 | −1.74 | 8.42 | 0.00 | 7.48 | 1.13 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 0.12 | −18.61 | 7,071.97 | −0.02 | −1.63 | 1.49 | −1.10 |
| 4− | 0.10 | 0.96 | −18.88 | 113.48 | 8.91 | −2.12 | 4.84 | 4.99 | 6.33 | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.4 | 0.52 | 0.78 | −0.24 | 0.46 | −0.53 |
| 5− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 13.95 | 0.22 | −2.69 | 0.42 | 0.06 | −47.53 | 1.31 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 26.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 3.42 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 2.46 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 3.30 | |
| Intercept | Year | Salary | Type of function | δ GDP | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fc | % | ICC | est | var | se | est | var | se | est | se | est | se | est | se | |||||
| 1− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2− | 0.03 | 0.00 | −8.55 | 0.00 | 0.59 | −14.42 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 1.32 | −0.52 | 0.38 | −1.37 | −0.30 | 1.10 | −0.27 | −0.39 | 0.35 | −1.10 |
| 3− | 2.33 | 0.60 | −8.90 | 12.45 | 0.58 | −15.22 | 3.71 | 5.32 | 0.42 | 8.74 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 1.52 | 0.43 | 0.13 | 3.35 | −0.28 | 0.07 | −3.71 |
| 4− | 1.34 | 0.68 | −8.62 | 8.58 | 0.62 | −13.88 | 2.66 | 3.42 | 0.49 | 5.45 | −0.29 | 0.07 | −4.03 | −0.17 | 0.17 | −0.98 | −0.05 | 0.10 | −0.47 |
| 5− | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1− | 0.32 | 0.45 | −7.26 | 2.64 | 0.41 | −17.51 | 0.35 | 1.44 | 0.36 | 0.94 | −0.05 | 0.13 | −0.37 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 1.44 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.85 |
| 2− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1− | 0.29 | 0.83 | −8.80 | 10.36 | 0.90 | −333.56 | 0.06 | 0.60 | 0.54 | −0.58 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 12.99 | 0.02 | 0.29 | −0.31 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 1.52 |
| 2− | 0.10 | 0.94 | −12.52 | 50.56 | 0.53 | −3,610.17 | −0.08 | 0.21 | 0.36 | −22.45 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 80.72 | −0.28 | 0.32 | −61.73 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 133.89 |
| 3− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5− | 0.40 | 0.71 | −8.14 | 4.38 | 0.53 | −15.32 | 1.5 | 1.17 | 0.43 | 3.48 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 3.67 | 0.64 | 0.25 | 2.61 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 1.66 |
| 1− | 1.03 | 0.40 | −5.79 | 2.00 | 0.22 | −26.14 | −0.30 | 1.29 | 0.19 | −1.58 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.98 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.94 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 3.41 |
| 2− | 0.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3− | 0.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1− | 11.06 | 0.18 | −2.82 | 0.39 | 0.06 | −48.7 | 1.15 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 22.05 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 5.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 4.37 |
| 2− | 3.89 | 0.40 | −5.57 | 2.00 | 0.21 | −26.48 | 2.03 | 0.97 | 0.16 | 12.38 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.12 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 2.40 | −0.15 | 0.05 | −2.84 |
| 3− | 0.01 | 0.00 | −19.45 | 0.00 | 11.16 | −1.74 | 8.42 | 0.00 | 7.48 | 1.13 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 0.12 | −18.61 | 7,071.97 | −0.02 | −1.63 | 1.49 | −1.10 |
| 4− | 0.10 | 0.96 | −18.88 | 113.48 | 8.91 | −2.12 | 4.84 | 4.99 | 6.33 | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.4 | 0.52 | 0.78 | −0.24 | 0.46 | −0.53 |
| 5− | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Notes: The results for the multilevel analyses at the factor level are printed in italics. Fc = Negative pole of the facet; % = Percent of job ads that contained at least one occurrence of a personality descriptor, including germane variations; ICC = Interclass correlation; est = estimated regression coefficient; var = variance of the estimated regression coefficient across municipalities; se = standard error of the estimated regression coefficient; z = z-statistic of the estimated regression coefficient, z-values larger than 1.96 or smaller than −1.96 are considered statistically significant. We note that no multilevel regression model could be estimated for some clusters, either because barely any job ads referred to terms related to these cluster or because the cluster is theoretically empty. To distinguish between the cases, a percentage of 0.00 is printed in Column 2 for the type of empty clusters, while a dash (–) is printed in this column for the latter type of clusters
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