Table 3

Empirical findings

PM process activitiesRQ1CaseResultsRQ2CaseResults
Selecting performance variablesWhich performance variables are selected?HO1Total amount of fundraising (CE/cost-efficiency), Total budget allocation (CE)Do you agree with HOs/donors when selecting performance variables?HO1No agreed-upon performance variables
HO2Total budget allocation (CE), mode of transportation (CE/LTE lead-time effectiveness)HO2No agreed-upon performance variables
HO3Total amount of fundraising (CE), cost of renting facilities (CE), cost of employee training (CE), level of employee capacity (CE/LTE), technology utilization (CE/LTE)HO3No agreed-upon performance variables
HO4Total amount of fundraising (CE), total funds delivered to beneficiaries (CE), level of success in conducting training (CE/LTE), budget variance percentage (CE), cost of employee training (CE), cost of equipment (CE)HO4Total funds delivered to beneficiaries (CE)
HO5Total amount of fundraising (CE), total savings (CE), cost of renting facilities (CE), cost of transportationHO5No agreed-upon performance variables
HO6Total budget allocation (CE), level of employee capacity (CE/LTE), technology utilization (CE/LTE)HO6Level of employee capacity (CE/LTE)
D1Total budget allocation (CE), number of supplies (CE)D1No agreed-upon performance variables
D2Total budget allocation (CE), number of beneficiaries (CE)D2Number of beneficiaries (CE)
D3Number of employees occupied (CE/LTE), project time (LTE)D3Project time (LTE)
Defining metricsFor each performance variable, how are metrics defined?HO1No metrics definitionsAre metrics defined with the HOs/donors and/or by using a metric dictionary?HO1Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
HO2No metrics definitionsHO2Metrics are not defined together with donors
HO3No metrics definitionsHO3Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
HO4Total funds delivered to beneficiaries: aid distribution for 1000 beneficiaries (CE), budget variance percentage: the changes for a project must not exceed 10% of the allowance (CE)HO4Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
HO5No metrics definitionsHO5Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
HO6Level of employee capacity: must have a university degree (CE/LTE)HO6Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
D1No metrics definitionsD1Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
D2Number of beneficiaries that have gotten money (CE)D2Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
D3Project time: average time of activities (LTE)D3Metrics are defined together on a project-by-project basis
Setting targetsAre targets set as average or specific?HO1SpecificAre specific targets set together with HOs/donors?HO1Specific targets are not set together with donors
HO2No targets are setHO2No targets are set
HO3SpecificHO3Specific targets are not set together with donors
HO4Average, depending on projectsHO4Specific targets are not set together with donors
HO5Average, depending on projectsHO5Specific targets are not set together with donors
HO6Average, depending on projectsHO6Specific targets are not set together with donors
D1SpecificD1Specific targets are not set together with HOs
D2SpecificD2Specific targets are not set together with HOs
D3SpecificD3Specific targets are not set together with HOs
MeasuringHow frequently is measuring conducted?HO1Yearly through e-mailHow frequently is measuring conducted and communicated with HOs/donors?HO1Yearly; e-mail and Excel
HO2No measuring is conductedHO2No measuring is conducted and communicated with donors
HO3Monthly, every six months, through e-mailHO3Monthly; e-mail, Excel, Google Drive, Banana* and Microsoft Power BI (Business Intelligence)
How are measurement reports communicated?HO4Monthly through e-mailHO4Monthly; e-mail and accounting software
HO5Monthly through e-mailHO5Monthly; e-mail and Excel
HO6Yearly through e-mailHO6Yearly; e-mail and Excel
D1Yearly through e-mailD1Yearly; e-mail and Excel
D2Monthly through e-mailD2Monthly; e-mail, Excel, Google Drive and Banana
D3Monthly through e-mailD3Every 6 months; e-mail and Microsoft Power BI
Analyzing/actingWhat analysis and actions are taken?HO1Goal alignment, organizational protocol, knowledge and employee management, initial planning, standardizationWhich of these are performed together with HOs/donors?HO1Initial meeting
HO2Knowledge and employee management, information sharing, resource planning, increase trustHO2No analysis and actions are taken together with donors
HO3Organizational protocol, goal alignment, standardization, financial reports, information sharing, performance measurement, information sharingHO3Goal alignment, organizational protocol, information sharing, increase trust, financial reports, evaluation
HO4Financial report, budgeting and time adjustmentHO4Financial reports, evaluation, budgeting and time adjustment
HO5Initial planningHO5Initial planning
HO6Initial planning, budgeting and time adjustment, information sharingHO6Initial planning, information sharing
D1Goal alignment, organizational protocol, knowledge and employee management, initial planning, budget and time adjustmentD1Initial meeting, goal alignment, budgeting and time adjustment
D2Goal alignment, organizational protocol, standardization, financial reports, information sharing, performance measurement, evaluationD2Financial reports, organizational protocol, information sharing, evaluation
D3Goal alignment, organizational protocol, standardization, financial reports, information sharing, performance measurement, evaluationD3Organization protocol, information sharing, evaluation

Note:

*Accounting software that helps with planning, reporting, invoicing and managing inventory and time

Source: Table created by Author
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