Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Criterion | Rationale | Included | Excluded |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time frame | The focus was 2005 and 2011 earthquakes and the years preceding the respective events | citations dating 2005 −2018 (one exception – a 1996 article) | Sources preceding 2005 or following 2018 |
| Language | Papers in English were chosen for simplicity | Papers written or translated into English | Japanese, Hindi, other languages |
| Publication type | To ensure the credibility and reliability | Peer-reviewed journal articles, books, conference abstracts, government, NGO, international organisation reports, doctoral dissertations | editorials, opinions non-scholarly magazine newspaper articles, blog posts videos movies |
| Rationale | Included | Excluded | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The focus was 2005 and 2011 earthquakes and the years preceding the respective events | citations dating 2005 −2018 (one exception – a 1996 article) | Sources preceding 2005 or following 2018 | |
| Papers in English were chosen for simplicity | Papers written or translated into English | Japanese, Hindi, other languages | |
| To ensure the credibility and reliability | Peer-reviewed journal articles, books, conference abstracts, government, NGO, international organisation reports, doctoral dissertations | editorials, opinions non-scholarly magazine newspaper articles, blog posts videos movies |
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