Table A3 Five year plans for 1955–2030 (... | Emerald Publishing

Table A3

Five year plans for 1955–2030 (Cheema et al., 2016) authors’ rendition of (Cheema et al., 2016)

Five-year plans	Disaster management policies, plans, major events
1955–1960	The 1958 National Calamities Act passed following recurrent East Pakistan floods. The scope was strictly limited to response/relief, focusing on counter-flooding measures restricted to river floods, neglecting flash flooding
1960–1965	Increased budget allocations for flood control measures
1965–1970	Continued focus on river flooding, enhanced flood protection measures to increase cultivation area
1970–1975	A cyclone hit East Pakistan, establishing federal level Emergency Relief Cell. Due to political crisis, the government abandoned elaborate flood control program to be developed by World Bank support. Floods in 1973, 1976
1971–1976	Ongoing political crisis hindered annual planning: little implementation in 1971–1976. The 1958 National Calamities Act was adapted to West Pakistan Calamities Act, focusing on response/relief
1978–1983	1977 Federal Flood Commission centralised flood control policy. Provincial/district government roles further reduced local hazard mitigation planning. Technocratic tendencies held with extension of irrigation/drainage systems
1983–1988	A general absence of grassroots participation by affected communities
1993–1998	Focus on canal lining, remodelling, floodwater use for land recharging. Non-structural measures, e.g. promotion of water resources research in universities
1998–2003	Flood control measures followed previous plans, but abandoned following 9/11 and Pakistan’s new role in the “war on terror”
2005–2010	Shift from flood-centred policy to a multi-hazard approach. UNDP provided technical support, incorporated lessons learned from the Dec 26, 2004 Boxing Day tsunami
2030 Vision	Poverty alleviation through control over natural hazards (floods, droughts), introduction of agriculture insurance against drought

Five-year plans	Disaster management policies, plans, major events
1955–1960	The 1958 National Calamities Act passed following recurrent East Pakistan floods. The scope was strictly limited to response/relief, focusing on counter-flooding measures restricted to river floods, neglecting flash flooding
1960–1965	Increased budget allocations for flood control measures
1965–1970	Continued focus on river flooding, enhanced flood protection measures to increase cultivation area
1970–1975	A cyclone hit East Pakistan, establishing federal level Emergency Relief Cell. Due to political crisis, the government abandoned elaborate flood control program to be developed by World Bank support. Floods in 1973, 1976
1971–1976	Ongoing political crisis hindered annual planning: little implementation in 1971–1976. The 1958 National Calamities Act was adapted to West Pakistan Calamities Act, focusing on response/relief
1978–1983	1977 Federal Flood Commission centralised flood control policy. Provincial/district government roles further reduced local hazard mitigation planning. Technocratic tendencies held with extension of irrigation/drainage systems
1983–1988	A general absence of grassroots participation by affected communities
1993–1998	Focus on canal lining, remodelling, floodwater use for land recharging. Non-structural measures, e.g. promotion of water resources research in universities
1998–2003	Flood control measures followed previous plans, but abandoned following 9/11 and Pakistan’s new role in the “war on terror”
2005–2010	Shift from flood-centred policy to a multi-hazard approach. UNDP provided technical support, incorporated lessons learned from the Dec 26, 2004 Boxing Day tsunami
2030 Vision	Poverty alleviation through control over natural hazards (floods, droughts), introduction of agriculture insurance against drought