| Poor demand projection | Jahre and Heigh (2008), Buddas (2014), Holguín-Veras et al. (2014) |
| Distortion of information | Stauffer et al. (2016), Jahre et al. (2016) |
| High variation in demand | Overstreet et al. (2011), Kovács and Tatham (2009), Chakravarty (2014), Van Wassenhove (2006), Pedraza-Martinez and Van Wassenhove (2012), De la Torre et al. (2012) |
| High inventory holding cost | Kovács and Spens (2009), Balcik and Beamon (2008) |
| Limited life-cycle of relief supplies | Kovács and Sigala (2021) |
| Poor supplier flexibility | Altay (2008), John et al. (2019) |
| Error in supplier fulfillment | Holguín-Veras et al. (2014) |
| Inadequate supplier capacity | Baharmand et al. (2017) |
| Absence of competitive pricing | Kovács and Sigala (2021), Jahre (2017) |
| Poor level of supplier responsiveness | Jahre and Heigh (2008), Altay (2008) |
| Variation in transit time | Barbarosolu et al. (2002), Baharmand et al. (2017), Oloruntoba and Gray (2006) |
| Noncompliance with supply contracts | John and Ramesh (2016), Balcik et al. (2010) |
| Purchasing key supplies from a single source | Kovács and Sigala (2021), Kovács and Spens (2009), Baldini et al. (2012) |
| Exchange rate fluctuations | Jahre (2017), John and Ramesh (2016), Baldini et al. (2012), Balcik et al. (2010), Fritz (2005) |
| Long-term vs short-term contracts | L’hermitte and Nair (2020), Dubey et al. (2019), Olarewaju et al. (2020) |
| Defective or damaged relief supplies | Holguín-Veras et al. (2014), Kovács and Spens (2009), Holguín-Veras et al. (2012) |
| Wrong or unsolicited relief supplies | Kovács and Spens (2007), Kovács and Spens (2009) |
| Counterfeit relief supplies | Holguín-Veras et al. (2012), Kovács and Spens (2009) |
| Damaged transport infrastructure | Fritz (2005), Kovács and Spens (2009), Kovács and Spens (2007), Barbarosoǧlu and Arda (2004) |
| Absence of alternative transport modes | Kovács and Sigala (2021), Fritz (2005) |
| Excessive handling of relief supplies during mode changes | Kovács and Sigala (2021), Barbasoglu et al. (2002), Kovács and Spens (2009) |
| Ineffective last-mile delivery | Oloruntoba and Kovács (2015), Van Wassenhove (2006) |
| Theft of relief supplies and resources | Baldini et al. (2012), Pettit and Beresford (2006) |
| Damaged warehousing facilities | Fritz (2005), Kovács and Spens (2009), Kunz and Reiner (2012), Baldini et al. (2012), Altay et al. (2009) |
| Transit time from facility location to relief sites | Dubey et al. (2019), Tayal and Singh (2019), Fritz (2005) |
| Limited holding capacity of facilities | Baharmand et al. (2017), Fritz (2005), Maghsoudi and Moshtari (2021) |
| Poor I.T infrastructure | Schulz and Blecken (2010), Kabra and Ramesh (2015) |
| Absence of transparency in information dissemination | Altay and Pal (2014), Kovács and Spens (2007) |
| Presence of delays during information transmission | Kumar and Harvey (2013), Kovács and Spens (2007), Pathriage et al. (2012), Altay (2008) |
| Presence of the wrong media | Holguín-Veras et al. (2014), Maghsoudi and Moshtari (2017) |
| Donor restriction on relief supplies | Kovács and Spens (2009), Oloruntoba and Gray (2009) |
| Poor funding transparency | Thomas and Kopczak (2005), Dubey et al. (2019) |
| Limited experienced personnel | Kovács et al. (2012), Overstreet et al. (2011), Sandwell (2011), Pettit and Beresford (2009), Van Wassenhove (2006) |
| Mistrust among stakeholders | Balcik et al. (2010), McEntire (2002), Moshtari and Gonçalves (2011), Kovács and Tatham (2010) |
| Impact of follow-up disasters | Cozzolino et al. (2012), Holguín-Veras et al. (2014), L’hermitte et al. (2016), Jahre (2017) |
| Variations in climatic conditions | Long and Wood (2005), Perry (2007), Jahre (2017) |
| Fire incidents | Jahre (2017) |
| War and terrorism | Listou, (2008), McLachlin et al. (2009), Jahre and Jensen (2010), Budass (2014), Jahre (2017) |
| Poor communication | Altay et al. (2009), Altay et al. (2019), Balcik et al. (2010) |
| Presence of cultural differences | Jahre (2017), Kunz and Reiner (2012), Maon et al. (2009) |
| Corrupt practices | Altay (2008), Kunz and Reiner (2012) |
| Sexual and gender abuses | Kunz and Reiner (2012), Kovács and Spens (2009), Oloruntoba (2005), Maon et al. (2009) |
| Stakeholders poor judgment | Ergun et al. (2009), Yadav and Barve (2016) |
| Absence of legislative and supportive rules that influence relief operations | Kunz and Gold (2015), Day et al. (2012), L’hermitte et al. (2014), Maon et al. (2009), Oloruntoba (2005), Maghsoudi and Moshtari (2021) |
| Sanctions and constraints that hinder stakeholder collaboration | Sandwell (2011), Maon et al. (2009), Oloruntoba (2005), Altay et al. (2009), Kunz and Reiner (2012) |