Evolution of management accounting practices
| No | Variables of MAPs use |
|---|---|
| The first stage of MAPs 1950 | |
| MAPs.1 | Full (absorption) costing |
| MAPs.2 | Budgeting systems for planning financial position and cash flows |
| MAPs.3 | Product profitability analysis |
| MAPs.4 | Budgeting systems for day-to-day operations |
| MAPs.5 | Variable costing |
| MAPs.6 | Budgeting systems for co-ordinating activities across the business units |
| The second stage of MAPs 1965 | |
| MAPs.7 | Cost–volume–profit/breakeven analysis |
| MAPs.8 | Cash flow return on investment |
| MAPs.9 | Return on investment (ROI) |
| MAPs.10 | Controllable profit |
| MAPs.11 | Capital budgeting techniques |
| MAPs.12 | Divisional profit |
| MAPs.13 | Standard costs and variance analysis |
| MAPs.14 | Residual income |
| The third stage of MAPs 1985 | |
| MAPs.15 | Long-range forecasting |
| MAPs.16 | Customer satisfaction surveys |
| MAPs.17 | Total quality management |
| MAPs.18 | Quality cost reporting |
| The fourth stage of MAPs 1995 | |
| MAPs.19 | Target costing |
| MAPs.20 | Life-cycle costing |
| MAPs.21 | Activity-based costing (ABC) |
| MAPs.22 | Activity-based management (ABM) |
| MAPs.23 | Just-in-time (JIT) |
| MAPs.24 | Balanced scorecard (BSC) |
| No | Variables of MAPs use |
|---|---|
| MAPs.1 | Full (absorption) costing |
| MAPs.2 | Budgeting systems for planning financial position and cash flows |
| MAPs.3 | Product profitability analysis |
| MAPs.4 | Budgeting systems for day-to-day operations |
| MAPs.5 | Variable costing |
| MAPs.6 | Budgeting systems for co-ordinating activities across the business units |
| MAPs.7 | Cost–volume–profit/breakeven analysis |
| MAPs.8 | Cash flow return on investment |
| MAPs.9 | Return on investment (ROI) |
| MAPs.10 | Controllable profit |
| MAPs.11 | Capital budgeting techniques |
| MAPs.12 | Divisional profit |
| MAPs.13 | Standard costs and variance analysis |
| MAPs.14 | Residual income |
| MAPs.15 | Long-range forecasting |
| MAPs.16 | Customer satisfaction surveys |
| MAPs.17 | Total quality management |
| MAPs.18 | Quality cost reporting |
| MAPs.19 | Target costing |
| MAPs.20 | Life-cycle costing |
| MAPs.21 | Activity-based costing (ABC) |
| MAPs.22 | Activity-based management (ABM) |
| MAPs.23 | Just-in-time (JIT) |
| MAPs.24 | Balanced scorecard (BSC) |
Source(s): Ahmad and Leftesi (2014)
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