Table 1

Sample selection process

Panel A: Sample selection procedure
Initial population of industrial firms with required data for estimating variables derived from the TSE database for the sample period 2009–2013507
LessFirms with noncalendar fiscal year end6
LessFirms with missing or insufficient variable data12
LessFirms with fiscal year change during 2009–20136
LessFirms operating in banking industry as well as financial and investment institutions10
LessNonrestating firms301
EqualTotal firms in sample172
Panel B: No. of firms by Industry
IndustryFrequencyPercentage
Telecommunications137.55
Construction137.55
Automotive137.55
Electronics and Computer105.81
Mining and Metal Products137.55
Non-Metallic Minerals126.97
Cement and Plaster158.72
Metals148.13
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry116.39
Rubber and Plastic116.39
Machine Tools137.55
Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals137.55
Food137.55
Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare137.55
Total172100

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