Details of experimental cases
| Case | Pile | Loading stage | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EP | Vertical loading to single pile until failure | Single pile |
| 2 | MP | ||
| 3 preloading | 4 EP + 1 MP | Step 1: preloading P1 to MP Step 2: vertical loading P2 to pile group | Pile group (pile spacing: 5DEP*) |
| 4 no preloading | 4 EP + 1 MP | Vertical loading to pile group |
| Case | Pile | Loading stage | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EP | Vertical loading to single pile until failure | Single pile |
| 2 | MP | ||
| 3 preloading | 4 EP + 1 MP | Step 1: preloading | Pile group |
| 4 no preloading | 4 EP + 1 MP | Vertical loading to pile group |
Diameter of EP.
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