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Table 1.

Constructs & relation with the research propositions

Constructs	Main aspects	Related proposition	Authors
Collaboration	Strategic direction Decisions about open collaboration goals Top management involvement Role of the participants	P1	Gaule (2011), Barrows & Neely (2011); Chesbrough & Brunswicker (2014), Phillips (2011); Laursen & Salter (2014), Piller & Ihl (2009)
Technology	Technology typology, architecture and/or platform to support open collaboration activity Existence of alignment between IT and strategy IT role in the company	P2	Phillips (2011), Brabham (2008); Brabham (2013), Cui et al. (2015); Grover & Saeed (2007); Rai et al. (2006); Rai et al. (2012); Nolan & McFarlan (2005); Gassmann (2006); Gassmann et al. (2010)
Performance	Gains in leadership and learning Access to new markets and business models Reduction on costs, time and risk Top management involvement	P3	Smith (2005), Cheng & Huizingh (2014); Chesbrough et al. (2006), Spithoven et al. (2011); Chesbrough et al. (2006), Enkel et al. (2009); Hung & Chou (2013); Ritter & Gemünden (2003); Spithoven et al. (2011), Piller & Ihl (2009); Simoes-Brown & Hardwood (2011); Thomke (2003), Chesbrough & Brunswicker (2014)

Constructs	Main aspects	Related proposition	Authors
Collaboration	Strategic directionDecisions about open collaboration goalsTop management involvementRole of the participants	P1	Gaule (2011), Barrows & Neely (2011); Chesbrough & Brunswicker (2014), Phillips (2011); Laursen & Salter (2014), Piller & Ihl (2009)
Technology	Technology typology, architecture and/or platform to support open collaboration activityExistence of alignment between IT and strategyIT role in the company	P2	Phillips (2011), Brabham (2008); Brabham (2013), Cui et al. (2015); Grover & Saeed (2007); Rai et al. (2006); Rai et al. (2012); Nolan & McFarlan (2005); Gassmann (2006); Gassmann et al. (2010)
Performance	Gains in leadership and learningAccess to new markets and business modelsReduction on costs, time and riskTop management involvement	P3	Smith (2005), Cheng & Huizingh (2014); Chesbrough et al. (2006), Spithoven et al. (2011); Chesbrough et al. (2006), Enkel et al. (2009); Hung & Chou (2013); Ritter & Gemünden (2003); Spithoven et al. (2011), Piller & Ihl (2009); Simoes-Brown & Hardwood (2011); Thomke (2003), Chesbrough & Brunswicker (2014)