Innovation comparison between SOEs and private firms across selected emerging Asian countries
| China | India | Indonesia | Malaysia | Vietnam | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | |
| Percentages of firms that have an internationally recognized quality certification (b8) | 87.2% | 60.3% | 83.3% | 44.4% | 83.3% | 19.9% | 50.0% | 28.3% | 73.3% | 16.6% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved products or services during the last three years (h1) | – | – | 33.3% | 41.5% | 33.3% | 12.1% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 60.0% | 30.1% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved methods of manufacturing products or offering services during the last three years (h3) | – | – | 33.3% | 47.9% | 33.3% | 12.6% | 0.0% | 26.4% | 40.0% | 31.9% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved organizational structures or management practices during the last three years (h5) | – | – | 50.0% | 44.2% | 33.3% | 6.8% | 0.0% | 23.2% | 40.0% | 17.1% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved marketing methods during the last three years (h6) | – | – | 50.0% | 46.9% | 50.0% | 13.6% | 0.0% | 33.2% | 40.0% | 29.2% |
| Percentages of firms that spend on formal research and development activities during the last three years (h7) | – | – | 83.3% | 30.2% | 16.7% | 5.3% | 0.0% | 20.0% | 46.7% | 21.8% |
| Percentages of firms that provides formal training to its employees for the development/introduction of new/significantly improved products or services and processes during the last three years (eah15) | – | – | – | – | 33.3% | 12.4% | 50.0% | 28.0% | 53.3% | 24.9% |
| Percentages of firms that purchase or license any patented or non-patented inventions or other types of knowledge for the development of new/significantly improved products or services and processes during the last three years (eah16) | – | – | – | – | 16.7% | 6.8% | 25.0% | 21.4% | 20.0% | 3.8% |
| China | India | Indonesia | Malaysia | Vietnam | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | SOEs | Private firms | |
| Percentages of firms that have an internationally recognized quality certification (b8) | 87.2% | 60.3% | 83.3% | 44.4% | 83.3% | 19.9% | 50.0% | 28.3% | 73.3% | 16.6% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved products or services during the last three years (h1) | – | – | 33.3% | 41.5% | 33.3% | 12.1% | 0.0% | 10.0% | 60.0% | 30.1% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved methods of manufacturing products or offering services during the last three years (h3) | – | – | 33.3% | 47.9% | 33.3% | 12.6% | 0.0% | 26.4% | 40.0% | 31.9% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved organizational structures or management practices during the last three years (h5) | – | – | 50.0% | 44.2% | 33.3% | 6.8% | 0.0% | 23.2% | 40.0% | 17.1% |
| Percentages of firms that have newly or significantly improved marketing methods during the last three years (h6) | – | – | 50.0% | 46.9% | 50.0% | 13.6% | 0.0% | 33.2% | 40.0% | 29.2% |
| Percentages of firms that spend on formal research and development activities during the last three years (h7) | – | – | 83.3% | 30.2% | 16.7% | 5.3% | 0.0% | 20.0% | 46.7% | 21.8% |
| Percentages of firms that provides formal training to its employees for the development/introduction of new/significantly improved products or services and processes during the last three years (eah15) | – | – | – | – | 33.3% | 12.4% | 50.0% | 28.0% | 53.3% | 24.9% |
| Percentages of firms that purchase or license any patented or non-patented inventions or other types of knowledge for the development of new/significantly improved products or services and processes during the last three years (eah16) | – | – | – | – | 16.7% | 6.8% | 25.0% | 21.4% | 20.0% | 3.8% |
Source(s): Authors' Calculations based on 2018 World Bank Enterprises Survey Data
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