Test results of national heterogeneity of technological innovation
| Variables | Developing countries | Developed countries | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| lnzz | lnzz | lnzz | lnzz | |
| lndst | 0.0813** (0.0316) | 0.0805** (0.0361) | 0.0300* (0.0160) | 0.0201 (0.0154) |
| lnser | 1.2118*** (0.1965) | 1.2088*** (0.2063) | 0.9292*** (0.2605) | 0.5992** (0.2558) |
| lngov | −0.4308*** (0.0909) | −0.4297*** (0.0937) | −0.4547*** (0.0415) | −0.4518*** (0.0394) |
| lnopen | −0.0614*** (0.0235) | −0.0612** (0.0237) | 0.0129 (0.0183) | −0.0196 (0.0185) |
| lninf | −0.1062 (0.1046) | −0.1060 (0.1050) | −0.0726 (0.0891) | −0.0804 (0.0846) |
| lnhum | −0.0016 (0.0044) | −0.0016 (0.0046) | 0.0068*** (0.0021) | 0.0059*** (0.0020) |
| lntec | – | 0.0017 (0.0335) | 0.1294*** (0.0253) | |
| _cons | 0.3560 (0.3458) | 0.3357 (0.5348) | 0.2492 (0.2066) | −0.8707*** (0.2938) |
| R-sq | 0.344 | 0.344 | 0.472 | 0.526 |
| N | 176 | 176 | 264 | 264 |
| Boot verification | [−0.0889–0.0097] | – | ||
| Proportion of mediation effect | 1.07% | 33.08% | ||
| Variables | Developing countries | Developed countries | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| lnzz | lnzz | lnzz | lnzz | |
| lndst | 0.0813** (0.0316) | 0.0805** (0.0361) | 0.0300* (0.0160) | 0.0201 (0.0154) |
| lnser | 1.2118*** (0.1965) | 1.2088*** (0.2063) | 0.9292*** (0.2605) | 0.5992** (0.2558) |
| lngov | −0.4308*** (0.0909) | −0.4297*** (0.0937) | −0.4547*** (0.0415) | −0.4518*** (0.0394) |
| lnopen | −0.0614*** (0.0235) | −0.0612** (0.0237) | 0.0129 (0.0183) | −0.0196 (0.0185) |
| lninf | −0.1062 (0.1046) | −0.1060 (0.1050) | −0.0726 (0.0891) | −0.0804 (0.0846) |
| lnhum | −0.0016 (0.0044) | −0.0016 (0.0046) | 0.0068*** (0.0021) | 0.0059*** (0.0020) |
| lntec | – | 0.0017 (0.0335) | 0.1294*** (0.0253) | |
| _cons | 0.3560 (0.3458) | 0.3357 (0.5348) | 0.2492 (0.2066) | −0.8707*** (0.2938) |
| 0.344 | 0.344 | 0.472 | 0.526 | |
| 176 | 176 | 264 | 264 | |
| Boot verification | [−0.0889–0.0097] | – | ||
| Proportion of mediation effect | 1.07% | 33.08% | ||
Source(s): Table provided by authors