Table 3. Constitutive parameters for the...

Table 3.

Constitutive parameters for the sand constitutive model (Taborda et al., 2014) employed in the 3D finite-element calibration analyses

Component	Parameters
Critical state line	p′_ref = 101·3 kPa; e_CS,ref = 0·910; λ = 0·135; ξ = 0·179
Strength	$M_{c}^{c} = 1 \cdot 28; M_{e}^{c} = 0 \cdot 92$
Model surfaces	$k_{c}^{b} = 2 \cdot 70; k_{c}^{d} = 0 \cdot 88; m = 0 \cdot 065;$ p′_YS = 1·0 kPa; A₀ = 1·30
Hardening modulus	h₀ = 0·4; α = 1·0; γ = 0·0; β = 0·0; μ = 1·0
Non-linear elasticity – small-strain stiffness	B = 875·0; ν = 0·17
Non-linear elasticity – shear stiffness degradation	a₁ = 0·40; γ₁ = 1·031 × 10⁻³; κ = 2·0
Fabric tensor	H₀ = 0·0; ζ = 0·0

Component	Parameters
Critical state line	p′_ref = 101·3 kPa; e_CS,ref = 0·910; λ = 0·135; ξ = 0·179
Strength	$M_{c}^{c} = 1 \cdot 28; M_{e}^{c} = 0 \cdot 92$
Model surfaces	$k_{c}^{b} = 2 \cdot 70; k_{c}^{d} = 0 \cdot 88; m = 0 \cdot 065;$ p′_YS = 1·0 kPa; A₀ = 1·30
Hardening modulus	h₀ = 0·4; α = 1·0; γ = 0·0; β = 0·0; μ = 1·0
Non-linear elasticity – small-strain stiffness	B = 875·0; ν = 0·17
Non-linear elasticity – shear stiffness degradation	a₁ = 0·40; γ₁ = 1·031 × 10⁻³; κ = 2·0
Fabric tensor	H₀ = 0·0; ζ = 0·0

These parameters are identical to those that were determined, as described in the paper by Taborda et al. (2019), to conduct 3D finite-element analysis of the PISA test piles at Dunkirk.

View large