Table 1 Activities and characteristics... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Activities and characteristics of potentially effective PD

Activities and characteristics		Literature references
With groups of teachers	Analyzing excerpts of classroom video	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
	Engaging in the discipline content with other teachers
	Examining student work
	Engaging in lesson study: collaboratively planning, teaching, observing and critiquing lessons	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
With individual teachers	Co-teaching: working collaboratively with coaches to co-construct and co-teach lessons	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
With individual teachers	Modeling: observing the IC and engaging in discussions about goals, tasks, strategies, and student learning	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
Characteristics	Personalized learning content: considering teachers' needs; providing support through lesson planning, observation, feedback and reflection, problem-solving	Ottenbreit-Leftwich et al. (2020)
	Authentic and hands-on: teachers see experts demonstrate teaching with technology, and teachers experience hands-on activities, create their technology-enhanced course, receive feedback from experts and peers	Liao et al. (2021)
	Sustained: providing teachers with sufficient time to learn and reflect on strategies that improve their practice	Bakhshaei et al. (2018)
	Collective participation: teachers share ideas and work together as a learning community	Ottenbreit-Leftwich et al. (2020)
	Active learning: opportunities to engage teachers in designing or trying out teaching strategies	Desimone and Pak (2017)
	Coherence: activities are consistent with the school/district goals and curriculum, and teacher/student needs	Desimone and Pak (2017)

Activities and characteristics		Literature references
With groups of teachers	Analyzing excerpts of classroom video	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
	Engaging in the discipline content with other teachers
	Examining student work
	Engaging in lesson study: collaboratively planning, teaching, observing and critiquing lessons	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
With individual teachers	Co-teaching: working collaboratively with coaches to co-construct and co-teach lessons	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
With individual teachers	Modeling: observing the IC and engaging in discussions about goals, tasks, strategies, and student learning	Gibbons and Cobb (2017)
Characteristics	Personalized learning content: considering teachers' needs; providing support through lesson planning, observation, feedback and reflection, problem-solving	Ottenbreit-Leftwich et al. (2020)
	Authentic and hands-on: teachers see experts demonstrate teaching with technology, and teachers experience hands-on activities, create their technology-enhanced course, receive feedback from experts and peers	Liao et al. (2021)
	Sustained: providing teachers with sufficient time to learn and reflect on strategies that improve their practice	Bakhshaei et al. (2018)
	Collective participation: teachers share ideas and work together as a learning community	Ottenbreit-Leftwich et al. (2020)
	Active learning: opportunities to engage teachers in designing or trying out teaching strategies	Desimone and Pak (2017)
	Coherence: activities are consistent with the school/district goals and curriculum, and teacher/student needs	Desimone and Pak (2017)

Source(s): Authors own creation