Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of items and measurement properties of the scales
| Scales | Standardized loading | Critical ratio |
|---|---|---|
| EIs (Entrepreneurial intentions) (seven-point Likert-type scale: 1 representing strong disagreement to 7 representing strong agreement) | ||
| 1. I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur | 0.74 | 14.1 |
| 2. My professional goal to become an entrepreneur | 0.85 | 16.0 |
| 3. I will make every effort to start and run my own firm | 0.80 | 15.1 |
| 4. I have thought very seriously about starting a firm | 0.72 | 14.1 |
| PATE (Personal attitude toward Entrepreneurship) (seven-point Likert-type scale: 1 representing strong disagreement to 7 representing strong agreement) | ||
| 1. Being an entrepreneur implies more advantages than disadvantages to me | 0.73 | 17.7 |
| 2. A career as entrepreneur is attractive for me | 0.89 | 24.1 |
| 3. If I had the opportunity and resources, I'd like to start a firm | 0.86 | 24.1 |
| 4. Being an entrepreneur would entail great satisfaction for me | 0.86 | 23.7 |
| SN (subject norm) (If you decide to create a firm, would people in your close environment approve of that decision?) | ||
| 1. Your close family | 0.87 | 26.2 |
| 2. Your friends | 0.94 | 32.2 |
| 3. Your colleagues | 0.89 | 31.5 |
| PBC (Perceived behavioral control) (seven-point Likert-type scale: 1 representing strong disagreement to 7 representing strong agreement) | ||
| 1. I know the necessary practical details to start a firm | 0.58 | 36.8 |
| 2. I know how to develop an entrepreneurial project | 0.99 | 36.8 |
| 3. If I tried to start a firm, I would have a high probability of succeeding | 0.63 | 33.2 |
| CT (change tolerance) (five-point Likert-type scale: 1 representing strong disagreement to 5 representing strong agreement) | ||
| 1. I think that change generally improves process | 0.65 | 10.7 |
| 2. I believe that people should be encouraged to take prudent risks | 0.69 | 11.2 |
| 3. I am comfortable introducing changes into my daily life | 0.65 | 10.5 |
| 4. When proposing new ideas, I like to put a positive spin on them | 0.70 | 10.7 |
| GF (group focus) (five-point Likert-type scale: 1 representing strong disagreement to 5 representing strong agreement) | ||
| 1. When confronted with a challenge, I prefer to solve it with a group | 0.62 | 9.0 |
| 2. I believe that team members should clear their work with each other | 0.65 | 9.0 |
| 3. I prefer to be recognized as part of a team (rather than alone) | 0.60 | 8.6 |
| 4. I am most comfortable presenting a business plan as part of a team | 0.58 | 8.4 |
| Scales | Standardized loading | Critical ratio |
|---|---|---|
| 1. I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur | 0.74 | 14.1 |
| 2. My professional goal to become an entrepreneur | 0.85 | 16.0 |
| 3. I will make every effort to start and run my own firm | 0.80 | 15.1 |
| 4. I have thought very seriously about starting a firm | 0.72 | 14.1 |
| 1. Being an entrepreneur implies more advantages than disadvantages to me | 0.73 | 17.7 |
| 2. A career as entrepreneur is attractive for me | 0.89 | 24.1 |
| 3. If I had the opportunity and resources, I'd like to start a firm | 0.86 | 24.1 |
| 4. Being an entrepreneur would entail great satisfaction for me | 0.86 | 23.7 |
| 1. Your close family | 0.87 | 26.2 |
| 2. Your friends | 0.94 | 32.2 |
| 3. Your colleagues | 0.89 | 31.5 |
| 1. I know the necessary practical details to start a firm | 0.58 | 36.8 |
| 2. I know how to develop an entrepreneurial project | 0.99 | 36.8 |
| 3. If I tried to start a firm, I would have a high probability of succeeding | 0.63 | 33.2 |
| 1. I think that change generally improves process | 0.65 | 10.7 |
| 2. I believe that people should be encouraged to take prudent risks | 0.69 | 11.2 |
| 3. I am comfortable introducing changes into my daily life | 0.65 | 10.5 |
| 4. When proposing new ideas, I like to put a positive spin on them | 0.70 | 10.7 |
| 1. When confronted with a challenge, I prefer to solve it with a group | 0.62 | 9.0 |
| 2. I believe that team members should clear their work with each other | 0.65 | 9.0 |
| 3. I prefer to be recognized as part of a team (rather than alone) | 0.60 | 8.6 |
| 4. I am most comfortable presenting a business plan as part of a team | 0.58 | 8.4 |
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