Table 12 Level of BDA usage in various...

Table 12

Level of BDA usage in various areas of consulting by Big 4 and non-Big 4 firms

Areas of consulting		N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	95% Confidence interval for mean		Minimum	Maximum	t-test p value
Areas of consulting		N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	Lower bound	Upper bound	Minimum	Maximum	t-test p value
Human resource consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.16	0.927	0.118	2.93	3.40	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.52	0.738	0.099	3.32	3.72	2	5	0.024
	Total	118	3.33	0.858	0.079	3.17	3.49	1	5
Risk consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.35	1.282	0.163	3.03	3.68	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.66	1.083	0.145	3.37	3.95	1	5	0.167
	Total	118	3.50	1.197	0.110	3.28	3.72	1	5
Financial advisory services	Non-Big 4	62	4.13	0.799	0.102	3.93	4.33	3	5
	Big 4	56	4.05	0.749	0.100	3.85	4.25	2	5	0.599
	Total	118	4.09	0.773	0.071	3.95	4.23	2	5
Innovation and strategy consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.35	1.073	0.136	3.08	3.63	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.57	0.828	0.111	3.35	3.79	2	5	0.226
	Total	118	3.46	0.966	0.089	3.28	3.63	1	5
Brand building and product positioning	Non-Big 4	62	2.97	1.173	0.149	2.67	3.27	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.39	0.908	0.121	3.15	3.64	2	5	0.031
	Total	118	3.17	1.073	0.099	2.97	3.37	1	5
Market research/diagnostic studies	Non-Big 4	62	3.45	1.111	0.141	3.17	3.73	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.66	0.940	0.126	3.41	3.91	2	5	0.275
	Total	118	3.55	1.034	0.095	3.36	3.74	1	5
Scenario-based planning/business simulation	Non-Big 4	62	3.21	1.058	0.134	2.94	3.48	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.61	0.846	0.113	3.38	3.83	2	5	0.027
	Total	118	3.40	0.980	0.090	3.22	3.58	1	5
Information technology consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.27	1.203	0.153	2.97	3.58	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.68	0.834	0.111	3.46	3.90	2	5	0.038
	Total	118	3.47	1.060	0.098	3.27	3.66	1	5
Internal control/internal audit consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.68	0.919	0.117	3.44	3.91	1	5
	Big 4	56	4.00	0.661	0.088	3.82	4.18	2	5	0.032
	Total	118	3.83	0.820	0.075	3.68	3.98	1	5
Taxation and tax management consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.77	0.965	0.123	3.53	4.02	1	5
	Big 4	56	4.18	0.716	0.096	3.99	4.37	2	5	0.012
	Total	118	3.97	0.876	0.081	3.81	4.13	1	5

Areas of consulting		N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	95% Confidence interval for mean		Minimum	Maximum	t-test p value
Areas of consulting		N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	Lower bound	Upper bound	Minimum	Maximum	t-test p value
Human resource consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.16	0.927	0.118	2.93	3.40	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.52	0.738	0.099	3.32	3.72	2	5	0.024
	Total	118	3.33	0.858	0.079	3.17	3.49	1	5
Risk consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.35	1.282	0.163	3.03	3.68	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.66	1.083	0.145	3.37	3.95	1	5	0.167
	Total	118	3.50	1.197	0.110	3.28	3.72	1	5
Financial advisory services	Non-Big 4	62	4.13	0.799	0.102	3.93	4.33	3	5
	Big 4	56	4.05	0.749	0.100	3.85	4.25	2	5	0.599
	Total	118	4.09	0.773	0.071	3.95	4.23	2	5
Innovation and strategy consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.35	1.073	0.136	3.08	3.63	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.57	0.828	0.111	3.35	3.79	2	5	0.226
	Total	118	3.46	0.966	0.089	3.28	3.63	1	5
Brand building and product positioning	Non-Big 4	62	2.97	1.173	0.149	2.67	3.27	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.39	0.908	0.121	3.15	3.64	2	5	0.031
	Total	118	3.17	1.073	0.099	2.97	3.37	1	5
Market research/diagnostic studies	Non-Big 4	62	3.45	1.111	0.141	3.17	3.73	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.66	0.940	0.126	3.41	3.91	2	5	0.275
	Total	118	3.55	1.034	0.095	3.36	3.74	1	5
Scenario-based planning/business simulation	Non-Big 4	62	3.21	1.058	0.134	2.94	3.48	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.61	0.846	0.113	3.38	3.83	2	5	0.027
	Total	118	3.40	0.980	0.090	3.22	3.58	1	5
Information technology consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.27	1.203	0.153	2.97	3.58	1	5
	Big 4	56	3.68	0.834	0.111	3.46	3.90	2	5	0.038
	Total	118	3.47	1.060	0.098	3.27	3.66	1	5
Internal control/internal audit consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.68	0.919	0.117	3.44	3.91	1	5
	Big 4	56	4.00	0.661	0.088	3.82	4.18	2	5	0.032
	Total	118	3.83	0.820	0.075	3.68	3.98	1	5
Taxation and tax management consulting	Non-Big 4	62	3.77	0.965	0.123	3.53	4.02	1	5
	Big 4	56	4.18	0.716	0.096	3.99	4.37	2	5	0.012
	Total	118	3.97	0.876	0.081	3.81	4.13	1	5

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