Parameters used in Equation 3: SIMPLE analysis and results
| Parameters and definitions | Pier E | Abutment | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front pile row | Back pile row | ||
| Embankment pressure, q: kPa | 63·0 | 126·0 | 126·0 |
| Soft soil layer thickness, hT: m | 18·0 | 16·0 | 16·0 |
| Loaded soft soil layer thickness, H: m = loaded pile length | 11·0 | 9·0 | 9·0 |
| Total pile length, L (in soft soil and stiff layer): m | 28·0 | 27·0 | 27·0 |
| Pile spacing/diameter ratio, s/d | 4·0 | 4·0 | 4·0 |
| Shear modulus of soft soil,* G: kPa | 2200 | 2200 | 2200 |
| Young's modulus of pile, Ep: MPa | 26 000 | 34 500 | 34 500 |
| Moment of inertia of pile, Ip: m4 | 0·163 | 0·425 × 10− 3 | 6·36 × 10−3† |
| Shear modulus at top of stiff layer,‡ G0: kPa | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Gradient of shear modulus,‡ ΔG: kPa/m | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Net pressure acting on pile cap, Pnet: kN | – | 100·0 | |
| Pressure acting at top of soft soil,‡ p0: kPa | 28·0 | 4·5 | 48·0† |
| Maximum pressure acting on pile, pm: kPa | 56·0 | 9·0 | 97·0† |
| Deflection (defined in Figure 10(b)), yp: cm | 16·1 | 13·9 | |
| Parameters and definitions | Pier E | Abutment | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front pile row | Back pile row | ||
| Embankment pressure, | 63·0 | 126·0 | 126·0 |
| Soft soil layer thickness, | 18·0 | 16·0 | 16·0 |
| Loaded soft soil layer thickness, | 11·0 | 9·0 | 9·0 |
| Total pile length, | 28·0 | 27·0 | 27·0 |
| Pile spacing/diameter ratio, | 4·0 | 4·0 | 4·0 |
| Shear modulus of soft soil, | 2200 | 2200 | 2200 |
| Young's modulus of pile, | 26 000 | 34 500 | 34 500 |
| Moment of inertia of pile, | 0·163 | 0·425 × 10− 3 | 6·36 × 10−3 |
| Shear modulus at top of stiff layer, | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Gradient of shear modulus, | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Net pressure acting on pile cap, | – | 100·0 | |
| Pressure acting at top of soft soil, | 28·0 | 4·5 | 48·0 |
| Maximum pressure acting on pile, | 56·0 | 9·0 | 97·0 |
| Deflection (defined in | 16·1 | 13·9 | |
Young's modulus varied between 100cu and 200cu with a Poisson's ratio of 0·30.
For two rows of raking piles.
Based on typical values from the literature (e.g. Bowles27).
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