Table 1.

Food supply systems to food banks.

Food supplyPartners involvedChallenges posed by Covid-19 pandemic
Surplus and non-surplus food direct from supermarkets (national-level)Supermarkets, Fairshare, City Harvest, The Felix Project, The Bread and Butter Thing (TBBT), food banks, and other food aid providersDependent on partnerships established prior to Covid-19; immense logistical challenge of setting up new partnerships, food supplies, and deliveries in short time period; dependent on availability of supermarket produce in context of high demand from customers
Surplus food direct from shops (local-level)Supermarkets, retailers, food banks, and other food aid providersLower availability of surplus food due to stockpiling; dependent on availability of volunteer and non-volunteer delivery staff; dependent on existing relationships, prior to Covid-19
Food donated by individuals in supermarketsFood banksMuch reduced donations by individuals due to supermarket rationing and individual self-stockpiling
Food purchased in bulk from supermarkets/shops by food banksFood banksSupermarket rationing, and lower stock availability vastly limits food parcel items that can be purchased

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