ANOVA Results for innovative activity
| Variables* | Limited KIBS use (n = 26) | Technical institutions and Consultancy partners (n = 8) | HEI and RI parters (n = 11) | Technical institutions and HEI, RI partners (n = 10) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investment in internal R&D/Investment in External R&D | 6.98 | 5.56 | 6.46 | 9.01 | 0.71 |
| Average invest. in R&D per company | 1.393 | 4.200 | 3.935 | 2.995 | 0.11 |
| Average invest. in software per company | 90 (X) | 142 | 161 | 274 (x) | <0.02 |
| Average invest. in machinery and equipment per company | 607 (X) | 693 | 1.158 | 5.287 (x) | <0.01 |
| Average invest. in training per company | 35 (X) | 85 | 62 (x) | 151 (x) | <0.01 |
| Use of IPR defence means/ no use of mechanisms | 0.34 (X) | 1.19 (x) | 0.61 | 0.91 | 0.07 |
| Products new to the firm/products with incremental changes | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.99 | 0.64 | 0.42 |
| Processes new to the firm/processes with incremental changes | 0.55 (X) | 0.66 | 0.87 (x) | 0.92 (x) | <0.03 |
| Products new to the market/products new to the firm | 0.25(X) | 0.44 | 0.77 (x) | 0.32 (X) | <0.02 |
| Processes new to the market/processes new to the firm | 0.09 (X) | 0.19 | 0.26 (x) | 0.14 | <0.01 |
| Variables* | Limited KIBS use ( | Technical institutions and Consultancy partners ( | HEI and RI parters ( | Technical institutions and HEI, RI partners ( | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investment in internal R&D/Investment in External R&D | 6.98 | 5.56 | 6.46 | 9.01 | 0.71 |
| Average invest. in R&D per company | 1.393 | 4.200 | 3.935 | 2.995 | 0.11 |
| Average invest. in software per company | 90 (X) | 142 | 161 | 274 (x) | <0.02 |
| Average invest. in machinery and equipment per company | 607 (X) | 693 | 1.158 | 5.287 (x) | <0.01 |
| Average invest. in training per company | 35 (X) | 85 | 62 (x) | 151 (x) | <0.01 |
| Use of IPR defence means/ no use of mechanisms | 0.34 (X) | 1.19 (x) | 0.61 | 0.91 | 0.07 |
| Products new to the firm/products with incremental changes | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.99 | 0.64 | 0.42 |
| Processes new to the firm/processes with incremental changes | 0.55 (X) | 0.66 | 0.87 (x) | 0.92 (x) | <0.03 |
| Products new to the market/products new to the firm | 0.25(X) | 0.44 | 0.77 (x) | 0.32 (X) | <0.02 |
| Processes new to the market/processes new to the firm | 0.09 (X) | 0.19 | 0.26 (x) | 0.14 | <0.01 |
Notes:
* a significant difference (p < 0.03) was identified between the means of the groups marked as with a “X” (capital x) and those of the groups marked with a “x” in the post hoc Mann–Whitney U-tests
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