Table IV.

Theoretical gaps for future studies

CategoryAuthorsTheoretical gaps
Theoretical advancesSteyaert (2007) Study entrepreneurship from the perspective of other process theories or seek to explain it from the perspective of theories presented by the author
Fisher (2012) Identify when it is best to use effectuation, causation or the best combination of approaches
Perry et al. (2012) The authors suggest new types of questions, data collection methods, units of analysis and theoretical contributions
Theoretical debateGoel and Karri (2006) Understand which elements of effectual logic have the most significant effect on overconfidence
Chiles, Gupta, and Bluedorn (2008) Understand effectuation based on Lachmann’s thinking. Explore the Lachmannian view on entrepreneurship, for example, creating and exploiting opportunities
Arend, Sarooghi, and Burkemper (2015) Five ways as follows: explain the causes and effects of effectuation; explore performance influences or redefine boundaries; improve problem definition accuracy and understand benefits and risks; explain the differences regarding concepts similar to effectuation, existing in the literature before the seminal article; and understand who the effectuators are, how, when they applied, what worked, what went wrong, and how their skills improve
Read et al. (2016) Seven ways as follows: differentiate control as strategy and outcome; identify the effective skills of entrepreneurs; conditions that favor the use of logic and the ways of alternating or combining; connect with planning, negotiation and goal setting; integrate with interconnectedness of changing and evolving selection; explain how to turn media into resources; and understand more about co-creative equity relationships in partnerships
Reuber et al. (2016) Understand the integration between creativity (effectual) and habit (causal) of entrepreneurs, recognizing that they are complementary and not different processes. Understand how and under what conditions the usual patterns, even if they occur in a hybrid way
Gupta, Chiles, and McMullen (2016) Examine effectuation to understand characteristics, motive, and how events happen over time
Source: By the authors

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