Table 1 Summary of BIM readiness studies... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Summary of BIM readiness studies

Author	Study object	Contributions	Gaps
Gu and London (2010)	BIM readiness at the Australian industrial level	The multidisciplinary framework that assists in decision-making for BIM implementation in construction projects. The framework considers technical and nontechnical aspects, suggesting that BIM industrial readiness analysis be done about product, processes and people	The Framework provides the information intended for those who are “ready” for BIM or actively implementing BIM, neglecting those who are starting the BIM readiness process. In addition, the article does not consider theories of readiness for change and diffusion of innovations. The paper does not answer questions on how to achieve BIM readiness
Hanafi et al. (2016)	BIM readiness at the organizational level in Malaysian architectural firms	Addressed BIM readiness, presenting BIM implementation requirements ranked by degree of importance. Thus, they help architecture firms plan BIM readiness	The article does not consider theories of readiness for change and diffusion of innovations. It neglects cultural issues. The article does not present the BIM readiness measurement system, nor the steps to achieve BIM readiness
Succar and Kassem (2016)	Literature review	Presented a unique conceptual model for BIM adoption at the organizational level with gradual and cyclical implementation levels that involve readiness, capacity, maturity and BIM diffusion within the organization. Defined BIM readiness and presented the Point of Adoption Model. Overlay theories of organizational readiness, capacity building and innovation diffusion to broaden BIM implementation in organizations understanding	Questions such as identifying factors that affect BIM readiness and how to achieve BIM readiness were not answered
Juan et al. (2016)	BIM implementation in Thai architectural firms	Relied on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), the Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) and organizational readiness theory to develop a system that can be used to assess the readiness and acceptance of a firm to adopt BIM and BIM-based building permit review process and to establish a predictive model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) that can be applied by architectural firms to evaluate the feasibility of adopting BIM in the future The authors considered that BIM implementation generates organizational changes, justifying the need to approach BIM readiness from readiness for change perspective	It presents tools to measure BIM readiness, but does not present the steps needed to achieve that readiness
Lee and Yu (2017)	BIM readiness of Korean construction companies	The research was supported by the Information System Success Model and TAM, to assess readiness of BIM acceptance in projects. For them, BIM acceptance readiness is “an organization's readiness regarding various prerequisites favorable to the use of BIM” (Lee and Yu, 2017, pp. 555–556). Through this concept, they determined the key BIM acceptance factors to propose a BIM acceptance readiness model, allowing owners to assess the BIM acceptance readiness by stakeholders and project performance improvement	Did not consider theories of readiness for change in this study
Abbasianjahromi et al. (2019)	BIM implementation in Iranian consulting firms	The article proposes a framework to assess the maturity and readiness of consulting firms for BIM implementation. Technical and economic barriers to BIM implementation are the basis of the framework	Neglect nontechnical issues and do not provide tools for assessing BIM readiness
Abbasnejad et al. (2021)	Literature review	The study conducted a systematic literature review identifying and discussing enablers that can contribute to BIM implementation at the organizational level	The article does not consider theories of readiness for change or theories of diffusion of innovations. The paper does not present BIM readiness measurement systems, nor the steps to achieve BIM readiness
Liao et al. (2020)	BIM implementation in projects	The article proposes a model that allows project leaders to assess readiness for BIM implementation. The identification of the critical activities of a construction project serves as the basis for the model	The paper did not consider theories of readiness for change in this study

Author	Study object	Contributions	Gaps
Gu and London (2010)	BIM readiness at the Australian industrial level	The multidisciplinary framework that assists in decision-making for BIM implementation in construction projects. The framework considers technical and nontechnical aspects, suggesting that BIM industrial readiness analysis be done about product, processes and people	The Framework provides the information intended for those who are “ready” for BIM or actively implementing BIM, neglecting those who are starting the BIM readiness process. In addition, the article does not consider theories of readiness for change and diffusion of innovations. The paper does not answer questions on how to achieve BIM readiness
Hanafi et al. (2016)	BIM readiness at the organizational level in Malaysian architectural firms	Addressed BIM readiness, presenting BIM implementation requirements ranked by degree of importance. Thus, they help architecture firms plan BIM readiness	The article does not consider theories of readiness for change and diffusion of innovations. It neglects cultural issues. The article does not present the BIM readiness measurement system, nor the steps to achieve BIM readiness
Succar and Kassem (2016)	Literature review	Presented a unique conceptual model for BIM adoption at the organizational level with gradual and cyclical implementation levels that involve readiness, capacity, maturity and BIM diffusion within the organization. Defined BIM readiness and presented the Point of Adoption Model. Overlay theories of organizational readiness, capacity building and innovation diffusion to broaden BIM implementation in organizations understanding	Questions such as identifying factors that affect BIM readiness and how to achieve BIM readiness were not answered
Juan et al. (2016)	BIM implementation in Thai architectural firms	Relied on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), the Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) and organizational readiness theory to develop a system that can be used to assess the readiness and acceptance of a firm to adopt BIM and BIM-based building permit review process and to establish a predictive model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) that can be applied by architectural firms to evaluate the feasibility of adopting BIM in the futureThe authors considered that BIM implementation generates organizational changes, justifying the need to approach BIM readiness from readiness for change perspective	It presents tools to measure BIM readiness, but does not present the steps needed to achieve that readiness
Lee and Yu (2017)	BIM readiness of Korean construction companies	The research was supported by the Information System Success Model and TAM, to assess readiness of BIM acceptance in projects. For them, BIM acceptance readiness is “an organization's readiness regarding various prerequisites favorable to the use of BIM” (Lee and Yu, 2017, pp. 555–556). Through this concept, they determined the key BIM acceptance factors to propose a BIM acceptance readiness model, allowing owners to assess the BIM acceptance readiness by stakeholders and project performance improvement	Did not consider theories of readiness for change in this study
Abbasianjahromi et al. (2019)	BIM implementation in Iranian consulting firms	The article proposes a framework to assess the maturity and readiness of consulting firms for BIM implementation. Technical and economic barriers to BIM implementation are the basis of the framework	Neglect nontechnical issues and do not provide tools for assessing BIM readiness
Abbasnejad et al. (2021)	Literature review	The study conducted a systematic literature review identifying and discussing enablers that can contribute to BIM implementation at the organizational level	The article does not consider theories of readiness for change or theories of diffusion of innovations. The paper does not present BIM readiness measurement systems, nor the steps to achieve BIM readiness
Liao et al. (2020)	BIM implementation in projects	The article proposes a model that allows project leaders to assess readiness for BIM implementation. The identification of the critical activities of a construction project serves as the basis for the model	The paper did not consider theories of readiness for change in this study

Source(s): Authors (2022)