Crow critical appraisal tool (CCAT) score of included articles
| Citation | Preliminaries | Introduction | Design | Sampling | Data collection | Ethical matters | Results | Discussion | Total | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bell et al. (2015) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 35 | 88 |
| Boisvert et al. (2008) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 32 | 80 |
| Cardinale et al. (2014) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 50 |
| Darko-Mensah (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 23 |
| Detweiler et al. (2015) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 32 | 80 |
| Godoy-Vieira et al. (2018) | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 30 | 75 |
| Gutman (2006) | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 50 |
| Lakshmanan (2014) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 15 |
| Louie (2012) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 20 |
| Peloquin (2010) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 18 |
| Peloquin and Ciro (2013a) | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 29 | 73 |
| Peloquin and Ciro (2013b) | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 29 | 73 |
| Ribeiro et al. (2019) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 21 | 53 |
| Roush (2008) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 28 |
| Stevens (2003) | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 23 | 58 |
| Tayar (2004) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 20 |
| Ussher et al. (2000) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 23 | 58 |
| Wasmuth et al. (2016) | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 32 | 80 |
| Total scores | 55/90 | 63/90 | 45/90 | 33/90 | 41/90 | 40/90 | 50/90 | 48/90 | 375/720 | 52 |
| Citation | Preliminaries | Introduction | Design | Sampling | Data collection | Ethical matters | Results | Discussion | Total | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 35 | 88 | |
| 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 32 | 80 | |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 50 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 23 | |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 32 | 80 | |
| 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 30 | 75 | |
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 50 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 15 | |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 20 | |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 18 | |
| 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 29 | 73 | |
| 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 29 | 73 | |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 21 | 53 | |
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 28 | |
| 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 23 | 58 | |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 20 | |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 23 | 58 | |
| 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 32 | 80 | |
| Total scores | 55/90 | 63/90 | 45/90 | 33/90 | 41/90 | 40/90 | 50/90 | 48/90 | 375/720 | 52 |