Changes in Singapore’s policy context, 1959–2016
| Indicator | 1959 | 2016 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Land area (km2) | 581.5 | 719.2 | +137.7 (×1.2) |
| Population (in millions) | 1.58 | 5.61 | +4.03 (×3.6) |
| GDP per capita | S$1,310a (US$428) | S$73,167 (US$52,962) | +S$71,857 (×56) |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 14 | 2.1 | −11.9 |
| Official foreign reserves (in millions) | S$1,151b (US$383.3) | S$356,253.9 (US$246,575.3) | +S$355,102.9 (×310) |
| Population living in public housing (%) | 9a | 82 | +73 (×9.1) |
| Government expenditure on education (in millions) | S$63.39 (US$21.13) | S$12,660 (US$9,164) | +S$12,596.6 (×200) |
| Extent of corruption | High | Lowc | Minimised |
| Indicator | 1959 | 2016 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Land area (km2) | 581.5 | 719.2 | +137.7 (×1.2) |
| Population (in millions) | 1.58 | 5.61 | +4.03 (×3.6) |
| GDP per capita | S$1,310a | S$73,167 | +S$71,857 (×56) |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 14 | 2.1 | −11.9 |
| Official foreign reserves (in millions) | S$1,151b | S$356,253.9 | +S$355,102.9 |
| Population living in public housing (%) | 9a | 82 | +73 (×9.1) |
| Government expenditure on education (in millions) | S$63.39 | S$12,660 | +S$12,596.6 (×200) |
| Extent of corruption | High | Lowc | Minimised |
Notes: a1960 figure; b1963 figure; cSingapore was ranked seventh among 176 countries on the CPI in 2016 with a score of 84 (Transparency International, 2017)
Sources: Department of Statistics (1983, pp. 4, 7, 118, 172, 248; 2017, pp. 11, 45, 66, 144, 217, 296 ; 2018); Chan (2002, p. 15)
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