Summary of testing the aggregate hypotheses of the SOE model in the 2019 EP elections in Malta
| SOE aggregate hypotheses | Malta 2019 EP elections |
|---|---|
| 1. Lower turnout compared with previous FOE | Yes (19.4%) |
| 2. Higher blank/invalid votes compared with previous FOE | Yes (3.6%) |
| 3. Government party losses compared with previous FOE | Yes |
| 3.1 Government party losses related to the electoral cycle | Mid-term |
| 4. Opposition party wins | No |
| 4.1 Opposition big parties losses compared with previous FOE | Yes |
| 4.2 Total losses for big parties | Yes |
| 5. Small parties gain | Yes |
| 5.1 Anti-EU parties and extreme-right parties better performance | Yes |
| 5.2 Emergence of new parties that gain seats in the EP | No |
| Electoral cycle | Mid-term |
| Previous FOE | 3 June 2017 |
| Concurrent election with EP | Local Council |
| SOE aggregate hypotheses | Malta 2019 EP elections |
|---|---|
| 1. Lower turnout compared with previous FOE | Yes (19.4%) |
| 2. Higher blank/invalid votes compared with previous FOE | Yes (3.6%) |
| 3. Government party losses compared with previous FOE | Yes |
| 3.1 Government party losses related to the electoral cycle | Mid-term |
| 4. Opposition party wins | No |
| 4.1 Opposition big parties losses compared with previous FOE | Yes |
| 4.2 Total losses for big parties | Yes |
| 5. Small parties gain | Yes |
| 5.1 Anti-EU parties and extreme-right parties better performance | Yes |
| 5.2 Emergence of new parties that gain seats in the EP | No |
| Electoral cycle | Mid-term |
| Previous FOE | 3 June 2017 |
| Concurrent election with EP | Local Council |
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