Table 1

Example set of shocks/stresses

TypeShock/stress description
Economic/infrastructureInadequate investment in power infrastructure
Inadequate investment in rail infrastructure
Inadequate investment in road infrastructure
Inadequate investment in three water infrastructures
Carbon dioxide pricing
Economic/geopoliticalEnergy price shock
EnvironmentalSustained adverse weather
Local environmental event
Sea-level rise
Major natural hazard
GeopoliticalFailure of international governance
Failure of national governance
Failure of regional or local governance
OrganisationalFragmentation of service providers
Lack of access to information/data
SocietalFood crisis (changing balance of imports/exports)
Water shortage
Labour – loss of institutional knowledge
Community disconnect with civic life
TechnologicalCritical information infrastructure breakdown
Power failure
Data fraud or theft

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