Table 1. Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test results

Variables			Critical value				Probability*		Co-integration degree (at level)	Co-integration degree (at first difference)
	(t- statistic)		(1%) level		(5%) level		At level	At first difference
	At level	At first difference	At level	At first difference	At level	At first difference	At level	At first difference
Ln EG_t	−0.9	−2.16	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.74	0.03	I(1)	I(0)
Ln REM_t	−1.3	−5.0	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.64	0.000	I(1)	I(0)
Ln FDI_t	−2.5	−5.1	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.12	0.000	I(1)	I(0)
Ln ODA_t	−2.4	−4.5	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.16	0.000	I(1)	I(0)
Ln Trade_t	−1.3	−2.4	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.57	0.015	I(1)	I(0)

Variables			Critical value				Probability*		Co-integrationdegree (at level)	Co-integrationdegree(at first difference)
	(t- statistic)		(1%) level		(5%) level		At level	At firstdifference
	At level	At firstdifference	At level	At firstdifference	At level	At firstdifference	At level	At firstdifference
Ln EG_t	−0.9	−2.16	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.74	0.03	I(1)	I(0)
Ln REM_t	−1.3	−5.0	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.64	0.000	I(1)	I(0)
Ln FDI_t	−2.5	−5.1	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.12	0.000	I(1)	I(0)
Ln ODA_t	−2.4	−4.5	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.16	0.000	I(1)	I(0)
Ln Trade_t	−1.3	−2.4	−3.6	−2.6	−2.9	−1.95	0.57	0.015	I(1)	I(0)

Note:

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values