Table 1.

Main models for research impact assessment

TypeModelMain featuresAdvantages
PerformancePayback framework
(Buxton & Hanney, 1996)
Logical model +
Five categories of paybacks
Explicit research planning Defined standard impact categories
Research impact framework
(Kuruvilla et al., 2006)
Four impact categoriesA valuable guide on societal impact categories
Research excellence framework
(REF, 2014, 2019)
Research impact plan +
Defined criteria and scale for assessment
Definition of a research impact plan
Specific products as research deliverables (case studies)
ProcessSIAMPI
(Spaapen & Van Drooge, 2011)
Identification of interactions among researchers and usersMore suitable for social sciences and humanities
Contribution mapping
(Kok & Schuit, 2012)
Map with the contribution of research and the interaction with key usersCombines the phases of research with associated contributions and interactions with users

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