Discriminant validity of reflective constructs (square root of AVEs in diagonal-bold) – Fornel and Larcker criterion
| Constructs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Firm Level Adoption | NA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Perceived Ease of Use | 0.37 | 0.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Perceived Usefulness | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Perceived Indispensability | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Perceived Social Influences | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.77 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Trial Feedback | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Employee Self Interest | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.75 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 8 Technological Readiness | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 9 Managerial Innovativeness | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.74 | |||||||||||||||||
| 10 Org. Readiness | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.77 | ||||||||||||||||
| 11 Strategic Fit with Ops. | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.75 | |||||||||||||||
| 12 Ease of Support | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.79 | ||||||||||||||
| 13 Organizational Culture | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.72 | |||||||||||||
| 14 Org. Partner Requirement | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.77 | ||||||||||||
| 15 Competitive Pressure | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.76 | |||||||||||
| 16 Needs of Customers | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.75 | ||||||||||
| 17 Govt. Championship | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.75 | |||||||||
| 18 Government Policy | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.75 | ||||||||
| 19 Govt. Regulation/Laws | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.55 | 0.74 | |||||||
| 20 Innovation Infrastructure | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.78 | ||||||
| 21 Opinion Leadership | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.71 | |||||
| 22 Successive Govt Commit. | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.81 | ||||
| 23 Flexibility | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.76 | |||
| 24 Observability | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.79 | ||
| 25 Complexity | −0.12 | −0.21 | −0.23 | −0.34 | −0.45 | −0.36 | −0.38 | −0.36 | −0.32 | −0.35 | −0.45 | −0.41 | −0.39 | −0.48 | −0.48 | −0.39 | −0.38 | −0.33 | −0.37 | −0.34 | −0.47 | −0.46 | −0.31 | −0.44 | 0.79 | |
| 26 Relative Advantage | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.57 | −0.48 | 0.77 |
| Constructs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Firm Level Adoption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Perceived Ease of Use | 0.37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Perceived Usefulness | 0.41 | 0.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Perceived Indispensability | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Perceived Social Influences | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Trial Feedback | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Employee Self Interest | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 Technological Readiness | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.52 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 9 Managerial Innovativeness | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.48 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 Org. Readiness | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.44 | |||||||||||||||||
| 11 Strategic Fit with Ops. | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.57 | ||||||||||||||||
| 12 Ease of Support | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.43 | |||||||||||||||
| 13 Organizational Culture | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.46 | ||||||||||||||
| 14 Org. Partner Requirement | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 0.49 | |||||||||||||
| 15 Competitive Pressure | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.48 | ||||||||||||
| 16 Needs of Customers | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.55 | |||||||||||
| 17 Govt. Championship | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.47 | ||||||||||
| 18 Government Policy | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.41 | |||||||||
| 19 Govt. Regulation/Laws | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.55 | ||||||||
| 20 Innovation Infrastructure | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.52 | |||||||
| 21 Opinion Leadership | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.47 | ||||||
| 22 Successive Govt Commit. | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.58 | |||||
| 23 Flexibility | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.53 | ||||
| 24 Observability | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.60 | |||
| 25 Complexity | −0.12 | −0.21 | −0.23 | −0.34 | −0.45 | −0.36 | −0.38 | −0.36 | −0.32 | −0.35 | −0.45 | −0.41 | −0.39 | −0.48 | −0.48 | −0.39 | −0.38 | −0.33 | −0.37 | −0.34 | −0.47 | −0.46 | −0.31 | −0.44 | ||
| 26 Relative Advantage | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.57 | −0.48 |
Note:
All correlations are positive and mostly significant