Examples of meta-regulation in higher education
| Control Base | Examples | Jurisdictions | Values/Objectives |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hierarchy | Strategic Dialogue | Ireland, Hong Kong | VFM, Effectiveness |
| Community | Athena Swan | UK, Australia, Ireland | Equality |
| Competition | Times Higher Impact Rankings | Transnational | Sustainability |
| Student Surveys | Netherlands, UK, Australia, Ireland | Quality | |
| Hybrid | Quality Assurance | Australia, UK, | Quality |
| Hierarchy | Strategic Dialogue | Ireland, Hong Kong | VFM, Effectiveness |
| Community | Athena Swan | UK, Australia, Ireland | Equality |
| Competition | Times Higher Impact Rankings | Transnational | Sustainability |
| Student Surveys | Netherlands, UK, Australia, Ireland | Quality | |
| Hybrid | Quality Assurance | Australia, UK, | Quality |
Source: Author’s own research