Table 4.

Effect of tunnel cross-sectional area on traction power demand

Simulation casesDifference in aerodynamic traction demand: %
Case 1 and case 13−13·1
Case 2 and case 14−13·3
Case 3 and case 15−13·5
Case 4 and case 16−12·8
Case 5 and case 17−13·1
Case 6 and case 18−13·2
Case 7 and case 19−11·8
Case 8 and case 20−12·4
Case 9 and case 21−12·4
Case 10 and case 22−10·9
Case 11 and case 23−11·9
Case 12 and case 24−11·5

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