Table 1 Description of typical Shanghai... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Description of typical Shanghai soil strata (modified from Gao et al. (1986))

Sequence	Soil description	Thickness: m	Geological origin	Notes
①	Fill	<3	River estuary alluvial deposits
②	Silty clay	2–3		Overconsolidated (stiff surface crust)
③	Soft silty clay	5–10	Shallow sea deposits	Normally consolidated
④	Soft clay	3–10
⑤	Silty clay	5–15	Littoral shallow sea marsh deposits; littoral-fluvial deposits
⑥	Stiff clay	∼3	Lacustrine deposits	Overconsolidated
⑦	Very fine-to-fine sand	5–15	Fluvial deposits	Aquifer I
⑧	Silty clay	20–30	Shallow sea deposits

Sequence	Soil description	Thickness: m	Geological origin	Notes
①	Fill	<3	River estuary alluvial deposits
②	Silty clay	2–3		Overconsolidated (stiff surface crust)
③	Soft silty clay	5–10	Shallow sea deposits	Normally consolidated
④	Soft clay	3–10
⑤	Silty clay	5–15	Littoral shallow sea marsh deposits; littoral-fluvial deposits
⑥	Stiff clay	∼3	Lacustrine deposits	Overconsolidated
⑦	Very fine-to-fine sand	5–15	Fluvial deposits	Aquifer I
⑧	Silty clay	20–30	Shallow sea deposits