Table 1.

Description of the survey scales included in the PLS-SEM model

ScaleItem descriptionItem coding
Covid Phobia (CPH)The fear of coming down with coronavirus makes me very anxiousCPH1
 I am extremely afraid that by traveling me/ my family might become infected by the coronavirusCPH2
 News about coronavirus-related deaths causes me great anxietyCPH3
 After the coronavirus pandemic, I feel extremely anxious when I see people coughingCPH4
 The idea of traveling with big groups of people (e.g. by train or plane) makes me anxiousCPH5
 The fear of coming down with coronavirus seriously impedes my social relationshipsCPH6
Willingness to avoid Covid-related wine tourism risks (RISKAVOID)

Due to the risks connected with the Covid pandemic, I cannot accept going to travel to a wine region with family and friendsRAV1
Due to the risks connected with the Covid pandemic, I cannot accept that local friends and relatives travel to wine regionsRAV2
I will avoid eating with local friends and relatives after their trip to a wine regionRAV3
Involvement with wine (WI)I like to purchase wine to match the occasionWI1
 Many of my friends share my interest in wineWI2
 Deciding which wine to buy is an important decisionWI3
 I like to gain the health benefits associated with drinking wineWI4
 For me, drinking wine is a particularly pleasurable experienceWI5
 I wish to learn more about wineWI6
 I have a strong interest in wineWI7
 My interest in wine has been very rewardingWI8
 My interest in wine makes me want to visit wine regionsWI9
 I am knowledgeable about wineWI10
 People come to me for advice about wineWI11
 Much of my leisure time is devoted to wine-related activitiesWI12
 I have invested a great deal in my interest in wineWI13 (dropped)
 Wine represents a central life interest for meWI14
Acquired Wine Interest in lockdown (AQWINT)While in lockdown, deepened my knowledge about wineAQWI1
 I feel that during lockdown(s), I became more passionate about wineAQWI2
 While in lockdown, I watched and/or read online content (e.g. YouTube videos, blogs) and/or documentaries about wineAQWI3
 While in lockdown, I started following profiles of wineries/wine experts on social mediaAQWI4
 While in lockdown, I started looking for more information about the wines I want to purchaseAQWI5

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