Constructs, items and selected variables to measure the CS of businesses
| Environmental activities related to the CE: CS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Construct/Items | Construct/items description | Variable description |
| Construct: CW | CW | |
| CW1 | % of recycling waste within the company itself (treated to be recycled) | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| CW2 | % of waste recovery and reuse within the company | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| Construct: DR | DR | |
| DR1 | % of resources replaced by other fully recycled materials to manufacture products or provide services | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| DR2 | % of products’ design or services modified to reduce resource intensity | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| Construct: CSE | CSE | |
| CSE1 | % of products’ design or services modified to increase function (multifunction) | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| CSE2 | % of products’ design or services modified to extend life | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| CSE3 | % of products’ design or services modified to increase recyclability (waste prevention) | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| Construct: SR | SR | |
| SR1 | % of equipment or facilities replaced and/or improved to reduce energy consumption | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| SR2 | % of processes and operating procedures replaced or improved to reduce energy consumption or exploit renewables | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| SR3 | % of components of products or services replaced with innovative components to comply with environmental regulations | Likert scale from 0 to 5 |
| Environmental activities related to the CE: CS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Construct/Items | Construct/items description | Variable description |
| CW1 | % of recycling waste within the company itself (treated to be recycled) | |
| CW2 | % of waste recovery and reuse within the company | |
| DR1 | % of resources replaced by other fully recycled materials to manufacture products or provide services | |
| DR2 | % of products’ design or services modified to reduce resource intensity | |
| CSE1 | % of products’ design or services modified to increase function (multifunction) | |
| CSE2 | % of products’ design or services modified to extend life | |
| CSE3 | % of products’ design or services modified to increase recyclability (waste prevention) | |
| SR1 | % of equipment or facilities replaced and/or improved to reduce energy consumption | |
| SR2 | % of processes and operating procedures replaced or improved to reduce energy consumption or exploit renewables | |
| SR3 | % of components of products or services replaced with innovative components to comply with environmental regulations | |
Source:
Aranda-Usón et al. (2019)
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