Table I.

Constructs, items and selected variables to measure the CS of businesses

Environmental activities related to the CE: CS
Construct/ItemsConstruct/items descriptionVariable description
Construct: CWCW
CW1% of recycling waste within the company itself (treated to be recycled)Likert scale from 0 to 5
CW2% of waste recovery and reuse within the companyLikert scale from 0 to 5
Construct: DRDR
DR1% of resources replaced by other fully recycled materials to manufacture products or provide servicesLikert scale from 0 to 5
DR2% of products’ design or services modified to reduce resource intensityLikert scale from 0 to 5
Construct: CSECSE
CSE1% of products’ design or services modified to increase function (multifunction)Likert scale from 0 to 5
CSE2% of products’ design or services modified to extend lifeLikert scale from 0 to 5
CSE3% of products’ design or services modified to increase recyclability (waste prevention)Likert scale from 0 to 5
Construct: SRSR
SR1% of equipment or facilities replaced and/or improved to reduce energy consumptionLikert scale from 0 to 5
SR2% of processes and operating procedures replaced or improved to reduce energy consumption or exploit renewablesLikert scale from 0 to 5
SR3% of components of products or services replaced with innovative components to comply with environmental regulationsLikert scale from 0 to 5

Source:

Aranda-Usón et al. (2019) 

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal