Changes and their impacts on supply chain resilience and sustainability
| Smart technology | Impacts on supply chain resilience and sustainability | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Big data | Can help supply chain actors to perform better sale forecasts to optimize inventory levels and avoid the “bullwhip” effect, which saves resources | E3; E6; E8; E10; E15 |
| Can help organizations to monitor environmental indicators (e.g. CO2 emissions, air pollutants) | E5; E7; E9 | |
| Can aid in understanding environmental impacts on supply chains and consequently develop more precise environmental impact assessments | E1; E5; E10 | |
| Can be used to promote ethical behavior among supply chain actors by providing higher transparency and traceability, which may positively influence commitment to sustainable business practices | E3; E8; E9 | |
| Can assist in ensuring suppliers' cooperation in applying sustainable (social and environmental) practices | E1; E5; E11 | |
| Can help in decision-making as it plays a key role in supply chain strategic and operational planning. In strategic planning, big data can aid in decisions regarding sourcing, network design, product design, and development. In operational planning, it can help improve forecasting, procurement, production, and logistics | E4; E9; E10; E12; E15 | |
| Can help in the smart selection of environmentally friendly raw materials for production | E4; E7; E14 | |
| IoT | Can help to minimize delivery errors, waiting times, and damaged products. This helps reduce resource consumption and carbon emissions | E2; E3; E10; E15 |
| Can assist in improving resource utilization (e.g. energy, raw materials, employees) in supply chain processes | E4; E6; E9; E11 | |
| Blockchain technologies | Can assist in reducing product rework and recall because of its tracking capabilities | E2; E7; E9; E15 |
| Can help to improve supply chain transparency and traceability, and avoid unethical behavior | E2; E7; E12 | |
| Can assist in governance disruption and information sharing including environmental and social aspects. It makes it easy to trace the footprint of products and reduce fraud | E2; E7; E8 | |
| Can help to ensure trust among partners and smart-contract transactions, and reduce lead times | E2; E5; E6; E12 | |
| Digital twins | Can be used to model and simulate supply chains based on real-time data, allowing for complete end-to-end supply chain visibility | E4; E9; E13; E15 |
| Can be used in planning and real-time control decisions including prediction of demand spikes and supply shocks, and making recommendations on required actions to ensure preparedness and resiliency | E4; E5; E8; E13 |
| Smart technology | Impacts on supply chain resilience and sustainability | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Big data | Can help supply chain actors to perform better sale forecasts to optimize inventory levels and avoid the “bullwhip” effect, which saves resources | E3; E6; E8; E10; E15 |
| Can help organizations to monitor environmental indicators (e.g. CO2 emissions, air pollutants) | E5; E7; E9 | |
| Can aid in understanding environmental impacts on supply chains and consequently develop more precise environmental impact assessments | E1; E5; E10 | |
| Can be used to promote ethical behavior among supply chain actors by providing higher transparency and traceability, which may positively influence commitment to sustainable business practices | E3; E8; E9 | |
| Can assist in ensuring suppliers' cooperation in applying sustainable (social and environmental) practices | E1; E5; E11 | |
| Can help in decision-making as it plays a key role in supply chain strategic and operational planning. In strategic planning, big data can aid in decisions regarding sourcing, network design, product design, and development. In operational planning, it can help improve forecasting, procurement, production, and logistics | E4; E9; E10; E12; E15 | |
| Can help in the smart selection of environmentally friendly raw materials for production | E4; E7; E14 | |
| IoT | Can help to minimize delivery errors, waiting times, and damaged products. This helps reduce resource consumption and carbon emissions | E2; E3; E10; E15 |
| Can assist in improving resource utilization (e.g. energy, raw materials, employees) in supply chain processes | E4; E6; E9; E11 | |
| Blockchain technologies | Can assist in reducing product rework and recall because of its tracking capabilities | E2; E7; E9; E15 |
| Can help to improve supply chain transparency and traceability, and avoid unethical behavior | E2; E7; E12 | |
| Can assist in governance disruption and information sharing including environmental and social aspects. It makes it easy to trace the footprint of products and reduce fraud | E2; E7; E8 | |
| Can help to ensure trust among partners and smart-contract transactions, and reduce lead times | E2; E5; E6; E12 | |
| Digital twins | Can be used to model and simulate supply chains based on real-time data, allowing for complete end-to-end supply chain visibility | E4; E9; E13; E15 |
| Can be used in planning and real-time control decisions including prediction of demand spikes and supply shocks, and making recommendations on required actions to ensure preparedness and resiliency | E4; E5; E8; E13 |
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