Table III.

Gender barriers to ICT adoption

1st order barriers2nd order themesAntecedents of adoption
Women are less knowledgeable about technologyKnowledge gapEffort expectancy
Women don’t know where to start when it comes to IT adoption due to lack of knowledge
Women are less exposed to tech compared to men starting from early age
Women’s lack financial literacy
Women are less comfortable with technologiesComfort level
Women entrepreneurs are older and thus less tech savvy
Women are less comfortable with finances
Misconception that to adopt IT you need to know technical details (e.g. “how to code”)Misconception
Women often purchase software but don’t learn to use it (e.g. “too busy to learn”)Time
Women lack time due to family responsibilities
Lack of funds to adopt technologiesFinancial resourcesFacilitating conditions
Women find seeking professional advice on new technologies pricey
Technologies are not compatible with the way women like to workCompatibility
Lack of access to workshops and coursesCourses and programs
Tech programs are gendered (pro men)
Lack of knowledge about existing tech advisory support programs
Lack of access to tech networks for womenSupport network
Women lack connections to get started
Women entrepreneurs are afraid and embarrassed to ask for help
Women might feel uncomfortable asking men in tech for advice
Women unable to link technologies to business opportunities Performance expectancy
Women unable to link technologies to performance improvement
Women unable to identify what technologies can help their businesses
Women don’t consider tech skills priorities

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