Table 1. Means, standard deviations,...

Table 1.

Means, standard deviations, correlations, reliabilities and validity estimates

Variables	M	SD	CA	CR	AVE	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Exploitative leadership	1.95	0.99	0.96	0.96	0.62	0.79	0.22	0.48	0.12	0.09	0.07
2. Proactive personality	3.86	0.58	0.78	0.82	0.43	0.17	0.66	0.18	0.17	0.08	0.09
3. Job strain	1.94	0.98	0.86	0.91	0.71	0.44^**	−0.11	0.84	0.13	0.14	0.09
4. Gender	0.56	0.50	−	−	−	0.11	−0.11	0.12	1	0.09	0.02
5. Age	22.87	4.65	−	−	−	−0.07	0.02	0.06	0.09	1	0.55
6. Work experience	58.63	78.15	−	−	−	−0.05	0.01	0.08	0.02	0.55^**	1

Variables	M	SD	CA	CR	AVE	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Exploitative leadership	1.95	0.99	0.96	0.96	0.62	0.79	0.22	0.48	0.12	0.09	0.07
2. Proactive personality	3.86	0.58	0.78	0.82	0.43	0.17	0.66	0.18	0.17	0.08	0.09
3. Job strain	1.94	0.98	0.86	0.91	0.71	0.44^**	−0.11	0.84	0.13	0.14	0.09
4. Gender	0.56	0.50	−	−	−	0.11	−0.11	0.12	1	0.09	0.02
5. Age	22.87	4.65	−	−	−	−0.07	0.02	0.06	0.09	1	0.55
6. Work experience	58.63	78.15	−	−	−	−0.05	0.01	0.08	0.02	0.55^**	1

Notes:

N =113. M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; CA = Cronbach’s alpha; CR = Composite Reliability; AVE = Average Variance Extracted. Boldfaced diagonal elements are the square roots of the AVE statistics for discriminant validity by Fornell–Larcker criterion; Below the diagonal elements are the correlations between the constructs. Above the diagonal elements are the heterotrait-monotrait ratios; Gender: Male = 1, Female = 0; Age (in years); Work Experience (in weeks).

p < 0.05 (two-tailed);

p < 0.01 (two-tailed)

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable