Interview findings of key gender mainstreaming strategies to address gender vulnerabilities in Bantul and Sleman regencies
| Dimension of gender vulnerabilities | Type of gender vulnerabilities | Main factors of gender vulnerabilities | GM strategies to address gender vulnerabilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic dimension | Women’s lack of productive assets | Lack of legal right of women to productive assets | Protecting women’s right to productive assets by implementing productive assets rights (i.e. home and land) for women during reconstruction |
| Women’s high domestic burden | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Protecting women with high domestic burdens by empowering women’s groups and providing gender training programs for men | |
| Women’s lack of access to jobs and markets | Unequal job opportunities between women and men | Expanding job opportunities for women by providing equitable policies in job recruitment within reconstruction projects | |
| Women’s lack of access to financial credit | Lack of access of women to productive assets | Providing an inexpensive financial credit scheme and establishing the BKM (a village Grameen bank) | |
| Low wages among women | Unequal job opportunities between women and men | Protecting unpaid women through an equal payment policy within reconstruction projects | |
| Women’s and men’s high debt burdens | Economic losses due to earthquake | Protecting women and men from indebtedness by providing an inexpensive financial credit scheme and establishing the BKM | |
| Social dimension | Widows with many dependents | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for widows in poverty |
| Women heading households | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for women in poverty who head households | |
| Women living alone | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for women in poverty who live alone | |
| Women with lack of access to education | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Providing alternative education for women through implementing Kejar Paket A, B and C (informal education institutions for those who are unable to attend primary, junior secondary and high school) | |
| Violence against women | Insecure and unsafe places | Providing secure and safe places for women and girls by empowering men’s and women’s groups in community policing programs during reconstruction | |
| Women’s illiteracy | Traditional culture that put women in domestic roles | Providing alternative education for women through implementing Kejar Paket A, B and C | |
| Homeless women and men | Housing losses from earthquake | Providing shelters and centers for homeless women and men during 6- to 12-month reconstruction programs | |
| Physical dimension | Pregnant women | Lack of public health services | Providing health insurance schemes and empowering village health posts or Posyandu for women and babies |
| Older women and men | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for older women and men | |
| Malnourishment among women, girls and boys | Lack of food and public health services | Providing health insurance schemes and empowering village health posts or Posyandu for women and babies | |
| Women and men with disabilities | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for women and men with disabilities | |
| Political dimension | Women’s lack of access to decision making | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program |
| Limited voices and participation among women | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program | |
| Women’s lack of leadership | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program | |
| Cultural dimension | Women’s lack of social ties | Geographical remoteness | Empowering women’s groups to provide social assistance for women with inadequate social ties |
| Culturally isolated women | Traditional culture that put women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program | |
| Religiously isolated women | Religious culture that subordinates women to men | Providing gender training to both male and female religious and community leaders | |
| Sexual abuse of women | Unsecure and unsafe places | Protecting women from sexual abuse and violence by empowering men’s and women’s groups in community policing programs during reconstruction |
| Dimension of gender vulnerabilities | Type of gender vulnerabilities | Main factors of gender vulnerabilities | GM strategies to address gender vulnerabilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic dimension | Women’s lack of productive assets | Lack of legal right of women to productive assets | Protecting women’s right to productive assets by implementing productive assets rights (i.e. home and land) for women during reconstruction |
| Women’s high domestic burden | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Protecting women with high domestic burdens by empowering women’s groups and providing gender training programs for men | |
| Women’s lack of access to jobs and markets | Unequal job opportunities between women and men | Expanding job opportunities for women by providing equitable policies in job recruitment within reconstruction projects | |
| Women’s lack of access to financial credit | Lack of access of women to productive assets | Providing an inexpensive financial credit scheme and establishing the BKM (a village Grameen bank) | |
| Low wages among women | Unequal job opportunities between women and men | Protecting unpaid women through an equal payment policy within reconstruction projects | |
| Women’s and men’s high debt burdens | Economic losses due to earthquake | Protecting women and men from indebtedness by providing an inexpensive financial credit scheme and establishing the BKM | |
| Social dimension | Widows with many dependents | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for widows in poverty |
| Women heading households | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for women in poverty who head households | |
| Women living alone | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for women in poverty who live alone | |
| Women with lack of access to education | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Providing alternative education for women through implementing | |
| Violence against women | Insecure and unsafe places | Providing secure and safe places for women and girls by empowering men’s and women’s groups in community policing programs during reconstruction | |
| Women’s illiteracy | Traditional culture that put women in domestic roles | Providing alternative education for women through implementing | |
| Homeless women and men | Housing losses from earthquake | Providing shelters and centers for homeless women and men during 6- to 12-month reconstruction programs | |
| Physical dimension | Pregnant women | Lack of public health services | Providing health insurance schemes and empowering village health posts or |
| Older women and men | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for older women and men | |
| Malnourishment among women, girls and boys | Lack of food and public health services | Providing health insurance schemes and empowering village health posts or | |
| Women and men with disabilities | Limited social services | Providing social benefits for women and men with disabilities | |
| Political dimension | Women’s lack of access to decision making | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program |
| Limited voices and participation among women | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program | |
| Women’s lack of leadership | Traditional culture that puts women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program | |
| Cultural dimension | Women’s lack of social ties | Geographical remoteness | Empowering women’s groups to provide social assistance for women with inadequate social ties |
| Culturally isolated women | Traditional culture that put women in domestic roles | Involving women in planning, design, and reconstruction both in the housing reconstruction and the livelihood recovery program | |
| Religiously isolated women | Religious culture that subordinates women to men | Providing gender training to both male and female religious and community leaders | |
| Sexual abuse of women | Unsecure and unsafe places | Protecting women from sexual abuse and violence by empowering men’s and women’s groups in community policing programs during reconstruction |
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