Table A2

Checklist for assessing economic evaluations

Assessed Study:………………………………………………………………………………………..
E1Was a well-defined question posed in an answerable form?
  • •

    Did the study examine costs and effects of the physical intervention?

  • •

    Did the study involve an appropriate time horizon?

  • •

    Did the study involve a comparison?

  • •

    Was the perspective of the study from businesses, corporations or companies?

  • •

    Were the study population well-described (included persons, socio-demographics)

Yes (+1)No (0)
E2Was the comparator described?
  • •

    Was an explanation of alternatives given?

  • •

    Were other alternatives mentioned?

Yes (+1)No (0)
E3Was the effectiveness of the programmes established?
  • •

    Was the study randomized?

  • •

    Were inferences tested with significances?

  • •

    Was the sample size adequate to the given question?

  • •

    Were validity, reliability and robustness tested or mentioned in the study? (e.g. through validated instruments or outcomes)

Yes (+1)No (0)
E4Were all important and relevant costs identified?
  • •

    Did the study list direct, indirect and intangible costs?

  • •

    Was the range of estimated costs broad enough?

  • •

    Were capital costs and operating costs included?

  • •

    Were business administrated costs taken into account? (e.g. data from business cost accounting)

Yes (+1)No (0)
E5Were all important and relevant outcomes identified?
  • •

    Did the study separate adequate outcomes from costs?

  • •

    Is there any argument for the chosen outcomes?

  • •

    Were the outcomes accurately measured?

  • •

    Are any relevant outcomes omitted?

  • •

    Were the weights of the outcomes explained?

Yes (+1)No (0)
E6Were costs and outcomes valued credibly?
  • •

    Were the sources clearly identified?

  • •

    Where market values absent?

  • •

    Which costs are measured? (marginal costs, average costs, total costs)

Yes (+1)No (0)
E7Were costs and consequences adjusted for differential timing?
  • •

    Was the discount rate accurate for longtime studies? (2–5% per year)

  • •

    Was any justification given for the used discount rate(s)?

Yes (+1)No (0)
E8Was an incremental analysis of costs and outcomes performed?
  • •

    E.g. Was there any justification for using a specific ICER?

Yes (+1)No (0)
E9Was uncertainty in the estimates of costs and consequences characterized?
  • •

    Was there a sensitivity analysis performed (one-way, two-way or net-benefit)?

Yes (+1)No (0)
E10Did the presentation and discussion of study results include all issues of concern to users?
  • •

    Were the conclusions of the analysis based on some overall index or ratio?

  • •

    Were results compared with other relevant studies?

  • •

    Did the study discuss the generalizability of the results?

  • •

    Did the study discuss limitation of the used analysis?

Yes (+1)No (0)
Score  

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