Table 3

Correlation matrix

VariablesMeanSD12345678910111213141516
1. Natioanlity_S  1.00               
2. Nationality_P  −0.431.00              
3. Marital  −0.17*0.061.00             
4. Age_G1−0.090.100.131.00            
5. Age_G20.05−0.18**0.200.52**1.00           
6. Age_G3−0.110.050.12−0.32**−0.091.00          
7. Gender0.030.18*0.15*0.16*−0.060.041.00         
8. International experience0.11−0.010.130.040.22**0.050.091.00        
9. Length of stay in host country G1−0.04−0.03−0.21**−0.040.05−0.10−0.110.071.00       
10. Length of stay in host country G20.10−0.04−0.14*0.04−0.14−0.17*0.01−0.14−0.30**1.00      
11. Language ability_G10.01−0.080.15*0.060.04−0.070.080.03−0.13−0.011.00     
12. Language ability _G2−0.080.10−0.07−0.01−0.090.030.03−0.07−0.10−0.03−0.53**1.00    
13. Fairness−0.120.08−0.07−0.04−0.07−0.05−0.18*−0.100.25**0.11−0.15*−0.131.00   
14. General adjustment4.661.16−0.15*−0.030.01−0.080.050.05−0.26**−0.120.04−0.01−0.120.080.22**1.00  
15. Interaction adjustment4.961.32−0.17*0.100.06−0.010.010.01−0.17*−0.040.00−0.04−0.070.040.110.65**1.00 
16. Work adjustment5.031.20−0.060.080.050.04−0.03−0.01−0.12−0.03−0.07−0.070.010.130.040.61**0.58**1.00

Note(s):**p < 0.01; *p < 0.05

Cultural novelty: nationality_S: Sudanese; nationality_P: Pakistani; baseline: other nationality

Marital status: 1 = married, 0 = other status (widow, divorced, or single)

Age: 21–30 years old as the baseline group; Age_G1 = 31–40 years old; Age_G2 = 41–50 years old; Age_G3 = 51–60 years old

Gender: 0 = female; 1 = male

Previous international experience: 1 = yes, 0 = no

Length of stay in host country: 3+ years as the baseline group; Length of stay in host country G1 = less than a year; Length of stay in host country G2 = 1–3 years

Language ability: yes as the baseline group; Language ability_G1: sometimes; Language ability_G2: no

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