Table 1.

Overview of intra-, inter- and meta-project learning in a programme context

Learning levelsRole of a PMOOpenness
Learning processLevels linkedClosedOpen
Intra-project learningInterpreting and integrating within projectIndividual-groupProviding enabling context for team learning within projectsStable context allows for exploitation of existing knowledge within a single projectChanging context allows for exploitation of existing knowledge and exploration of new knowledge within a single project
Inter-project learningInterpreting and integrating across projectsGroup-group
Individual-group
Facilitating and organising learning activitiesStable context allows for efficient exploitation of existing knowledge across projectsChanging context allows for exploitation of existing knowledge and exploration of new knowledge across projects
Meta-project learningIntegrating from projects/programme to parent organisation and institutionalisingGroup-organisation
Individual-organisation
Formal reporting function,
Institutionalisation of knowledge
Limited, because of limited interaction with parent organisation and stakeholdersChanging contexts, more relationships and knowledge sources increase possibilities for learning

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