Table 9 Invariance test... | Emerald Publishing

Table 9

Invariance test

	Welch–Satterthwaite test (Invariance test)
	Outer loadings-diff (Malaysian-Bangladeshi)	t-value (Malaysian vs Bangladeshi)	p-value (Malaysian vs Bangladeshi)
BG1 ← BG	0.103	1.012	0.315
BG2 ← BG	0.167	1.815^*	0.073
BG3 ← BG	0.043	0.680	0.499
BG4 ← BG	0.070	0.919	0.361
CP1 ← CP	0.043	0.485	0.629
CP3 ← CP	0.006	0.101	0.920
CP5 ← CP	0.172	2.020^**	0.047
CP6 ← CP	0.309	2.766^***	0.007
FP1 ← FP	0.022	0.192	0.848
FP2 ← FP	0.210	1.928^*	0.058
FP3 ← FP	0.152	1.488	0.141
FP5 ← FP	0.638	4.261^***	0.000
NFP1 ← NFP	0.063	0.58	0.564
NFP5 ← NFP	0.127	0.785	0.435
NFP9 ← NFP	0.134	1.079	0.284

	Welch–Satterthwaite test (Invariance test)
	Outer loadings-diff (Malaysian-Bangladeshi)	t-value (Malaysian vs Bangladeshi)	p-value (Malaysian vs Bangladeshi)
BG1 ← BG	0.103	1.012	0.315
BG2 ← BG	0.167	1.815^*	0.073
BG3 ← BG	0.043	0.680	0.499
BG4 ← BG	0.070	0.919	0.361
CP1 ← CP	0.043	0.485	0.629
CP3 ← CP	0.006	0.101	0.920
CP5 ← CP	0.172	2.020^**	0.047
CP6 ← CP	0.309	2.766^***	0.007
FP1 ← FP	0.022	0.192	0.848
FP2 ← FP	0.210	1.928^*	0.058
FP3 ← FP	0.152	1.488	0.141
FP5 ← FP	0.638	4.261^***	0.000
NFP1 ← NFP	0.063	0.58	0.564
NFP5 ← NFP	0.127	0.785	0.435
NFP9 ← NFP	0.134	1.079	0.284

Note(s): Critical t-values 1.65^* (significance level = 10%), 1.96^** (significance level = 5%), and 2.57^*** (significance level = 1%)

Source(s): Own survey results