Table 3.

Structure of the social enterprise business model

Private beneficiaries
(individuals or organizations)
Nonprivate beneficiaries
(groups, communities, governmental agencies, social movements, nonprofit organizations, etc.)
Mode 1
ValueBeneficiary = valuator
Individuals conduct valuations on their own behalf (or on behalf of another private party) regarding diverse value categories; in marketing studies, the result is called “value” or, in case of an individual conducting valuations on behalf of a firm, “collective value”
Beneficiary = valuator:
Individuals or groups conduct valuations on behalf of a nonprivate party with reference to diverse value categories; the result is subsumed under the term “social value”
Mode 2
BenefitUnintended benefits are possibleBeneficiary ≠ valuator
This can mean that the beneficiary is either unable to conduct valuations itself or that there is no one available who does the valuations on its behalf. Parties other than the beneficiary assess the emergence of nonprivate benefits

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