Table 2. CFA (factor loadings,...

Table 2.

CFA (factor loadings, reliability coefficient Cronbach’s alpha; composite reliability; average variance extracted estimates)

Constructs and indicators	Alpha	Composite reliability	Standardized loadings (λ_yi)	Reliability (λ²_yi)	Variance (Var(ε_i))	Average variance− extracted estimate Σ (λ²_yi)/[(λ²_yi) + (var(ε_i))]
Green packaging awareness (GPA) (Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.82	0.92				0.61
Green packaging does not pollute the environment as it bio-degradable one			0.70	0.49	0.51
Less time-consuming to recycle			0.87	0.75	0.25
It does not create a toxic environment			0.86	0.74	0.26
It does not affect humans and animals adversely			0.84	0.71	0.29
It does not result in global warming			0.71	0.50	0.50
It does not create hazardous waste			0.74	0.54	0.46
It does not destroy the ozone layer			0.71	0.51	0.49
It does not create marine, air or land pollution			0.82	0.68	0.32
Green packaging initiatives (GPI) (Braga Junior et al., 2019; Jerzvk, 2015)	0.71	0.94				0.65
Initiatives include the use of packages that “reduce” the negative impact on environment			0.80	0.63	0.37
Initiatives include the use of packages that can be “reusable”			0.86	0.74	0.26
Initiatives include the use of packages that can be “recycled”			0.78	0.61	0.39
Use minimum packaging or right-sized packaging			0.82	0.66	0.34
Explore multiple-use or closed-loop packaging			0.85	0.72	0.28
Buying products in bulk with less packaging			0.83	0.70	0.30
Buying products that do not have over-packaging			0.79	0.62	0.38
Buying products that contain recycled materials			0.87	0.75	0.25
Buying unwrapped products			0.72	0.52	0.48
Buying products that save natural resources			0.76	0.58	0.42
Green packaging behavior (GPB) (Jerzvk, 2015; Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.74	0.93				0.62
I avoid plastic bags			0.77	0.59	0.41
I do not litter the plastic cover			0.77	0.59	0.41
I purchase to store products and use green packaging			0.74	0.54	0.46
I purchase products packed with eco-friendly materials			0.79	0.62	0.38
I am willing to pay extra for green packaging			0.85	0.72	0.28
It gives me pleasure to buy green packaged products			0.82	0.67	0.33
I use packages that can be disposed off easily			0.76	0.58	0.42
I use packages that are bio-degradable			0.73	0.53	0.47
I use packages that can be reused and recycled			0.83	0.69	0.31
Environmental Benefits (Jerzvk, 2015; Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.70	0.93				0.59
Helps in wastage reduction			0.75	0.57	0.43
Reduces the toxicity of the waste material			0.85	0.72	0.28
Containers can be reused			0.83	0.70	0.30
Reduces the number of layers, materials and toxins at source			0.79	0.62	0.38
Less garbage to go to landfill			0.72	0.52	0.48
Does not adversely affect the health of community			0.74	0.55	0.45
Would not pollute the environment			0.78	0.61	0.39
Reduces carbon footprint			0.72	0.52	0.48
Does not result in depletion of natural resources			0.76	0.58	0.42
Does not reduce soil fertility			0.71	0.50	0.50
Personal benefits (Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.73	0.90				0.56
I can dispose off easily			0.70	0.49	0.51
I feel attracted to green packaging and derive satisfaction			0.72	0.52	0.48
I feel proud to contribute to the reduction of waste and protect the environment			0.74	0.55	0.45
It gives me pleasure to buy a green packaged product			0.81	0.66	0.34
I save money reducing costs by preventing waste			0.78	0.60	0.40
I enjoy being a good citizen exhibiting eco-friendly behavior by engaging in green packaging			0.74	0.54	0.46
I can reuse the containers at home			0.73	0.54	0.46
I spend less with minimum packaging			0.75	0.56	0.44
Environmental concern (Koenig-Lewis et al., 2014)	0.75	0.90				0.57
I make a special effort to buy paper and plastic products that are made from recycled materials			0.68	0.47	0.53
I have switched products for ecological reasons			0.73	0.53	0.47
When I have a choice between two equal products, I purchase the one less harmful to other people and the environment			0.76	0.58	0.42
Mankind was created to rule over the rest of nature			0.77	0.60	0.40
I feel it is the duty of the manufacturers to provide goods with bio-degradable packages			0.75	0.56	0.44
I think environmental safety is responsibility of every person			0.79	0.62	0.38
I recommend others to use eco-friendly packages for the products			0.77	0.60	0.40
Availability of green packaging (Magnier & Schoormans, 2015; Munaier et al., 2022; Walker & Kent, 2013)	0.75	0.91				0.55
I am aware of the availability of paper bags			0.70	0.49	0.51
Jute bags			0.73	0.54	0.46
Cloth bags			0.77	0.59	0.41
Banana leaves			0.71	0.50	0.50
Palm leaves			0.72	0.52	0.48
Corrugated cardboard cartons made with paper			0.79	0.62	0.38
Earthen wares			0.76	0.58	0.42
Newspapers			0.77	0.59	0.41

Constructs and indicators	Alpha	Composite reliability	Standardized loadings (λ_yi)	Reliability (λ²_yi)	Variance (Var(ε_i))	Average variance− extracted estimate Σ (λ²_yi)/[(λ²_yi) + (var(ε_i))]
Green packaging awareness (GPA) (Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.82	0.92				0.61
Green packaging does not pollute the environment as it bio-degradable one			0.70	0.49	0.51
Less time-consuming to recycle			0.87	0.75	0.25
It does not create a toxic environment			0.86	0.74	0.26
It does not affect humans and animals adversely			0.84	0.71	0.29
It does not result in global warming			0.71	0.50	0.50
It does not create hazardous waste			0.74	0.54	0.46
It does not destroy the ozone layer			0.71	0.51	0.49
It does not create marine, air or land pollution			0.82	0.68	0.32
Green packaging initiatives (GPI) (Braga Junior et al., 2019; Jerzvk, 2015)	0.71	0.94				0.65
Initiatives include the use of packages that “reduce” the negative impact on environment			0.80	0.63	0.37
Initiatives include the use of packages that can be “reusable”			0.86	0.74	0.26
Initiatives include the use of packages that can be “recycled”			0.78	0.61	0.39
Use minimum packaging or right-sized packaging			0.82	0.66	0.34
Explore multiple-use or closed-loop packaging			0.85	0.72	0.28
Buying products in bulk with less packaging			0.83	0.70	0.30
Buying products that do not have over-packaging			0.79	0.62	0.38
Buying products that contain recycled materials			0.87	0.75	0.25
Buying unwrapped products			0.72	0.52	0.48
Buying products that save natural resources			0.76	0.58	0.42
Green packaging behavior (GPB) (Jerzvk, 2015; Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.74	0.93				0.62
I avoid plastic bags			0.77	0.59	0.41
I do not litter the plastic cover			0.77	0.59	0.41
I purchase to store products and use green packaging			0.74	0.54	0.46
I purchase products packed with eco-friendly materials			0.79	0.62	0.38
I am willing to pay extra for green packaging			0.85	0.72	0.28
It gives me pleasure to buy green packaged products			0.82	0.67	0.33
I use packages that can be disposed off easily			0.76	0.58	0.42
I use packages that are bio-degradable			0.73	0.53	0.47
I use packages that can be reused and recycled			0.83	0.69	0.31
Environmental Benefits (Jerzvk, 2015; Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.70	0.93				0.59
Helps in wastage reduction			0.75	0.57	0.43
Reduces the toxicity of the waste material			0.85	0.72	0.28
Containers can be reused			0.83	0.70	0.30
Reduces the number of layers, materials and toxins at source			0.79	0.62	0.38
Less garbage to go to landfill			0.72	0.52	0.48
Does not adversely affect the health of community			0.74	0.55	0.45
Would not pollute the environment			0.78	0.61	0.39
Reduces carbon footprint			0.72	0.52	0.48
Does not result in depletion of natural resources			0.76	0.58	0.42
Does not reduce soil fertility			0.71	0.50	0.50
Personal benefits (Braga Junior et al., 2019)	0.73	0.90				0.56
I can dispose off easily			0.70	0.49	0.51
I feel attracted to green packaging and derive satisfaction			0.72	0.52	0.48
I feel proud to contribute to the reduction of waste and protect the environment			0.74	0.55	0.45
It gives me pleasure to buy a green packaged product			0.81	0.66	0.34
I save money reducing costs by preventing waste			0.78	0.60	0.40
I enjoy being a good citizen exhibiting eco-friendly behavior by engaging in green packaging			0.74	0.54	0.46
I can reuse the containers at home			0.73	0.54	0.46
I spend less with minimum packaging			0.75	0.56	0.44
Environmental concern (Koenig-Lewis et al., 2014)	0.75	0.90				0.57
I make a special effort to buy paper and plastic products that are made from recycled materials			0.68	0.47	0.53
I have switched products for ecological reasons			0.73	0.53	0.47
When I have a choice between two equal products, I purchase the one less harmful to other people and the environment			0.76	0.58	0.42
Mankind was created to rule over the rest of nature			0.77	0.60	0.40
I feel it is the duty of the manufacturers to provide goods with bio-degradable packages			0.75	0.56	0.44
I think environmental safety is responsibility of every person			0.79	0.62	0.38
I recommend others to use eco-friendly packages for the products			0.77	0.60	0.40
Availability of green packaging (Magnier & Schoormans, 2015; Munaier et al., 2022; Walker & Kent, 2013)	0.75	0.91				0.55
I am aware of the availability of paper bags			0.70	0.49	0.51
Jute bags			0.73	0.54	0.46
Cloth bags			0.77	0.59	0.41
Banana leaves			0.71	0.50	0.50
Palm leaves			0.72	0.52	0.48
Corrugated cardboard cartons made with paper			0.79	0.62	0.38
Earthen wares			0.76	0.58	0.42
Newspapers			0.77	0.59	0.41

Source: The authors

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