Table III. Positions of networks in... | Emerald Publishing

Table III.

Positions of networks in social enterprise literature

Network as the empirical focus	Social entrepreneur networking activities	Social enterprise network compositions and implications	Networks and social enterprise/social entrepreneurship processes
Todres et al. (2006), Seanor and Meaton (2007, 2008); Squazzoni (2009); Scott and Laine (2011); McKague and Tinsley (2012); Tallontire and Nelson (2013); Toivonen (2016)	Todres et al. (2006), Chell (2007), Seanor and Meaton (2007, 2008), Ryzin et al. (2009), Ghalwash et al. (2017), Rakic et al. (2017), Grohs et al. (2017), Jammulamadaka et al. (2018)	Smith and Stevens (2010), Bradley et al. (2012), Meyskens et al. (2009, 2013), Jenner (2016); Jenner and Oprescu (2016), Scheuerle and Schmitz (2016), Tasavori et al. (2018)	Somerville and McElwee (2011), Lehner (2014), Christopoulos and Vogl (2014), Qureshi, et al. (2016), Hazenberg et al. (2016), Pret and Carter (2017), Barinaga (2017)
Examples: Seanor and Meaton (2007) examine what they describe as a social enterprise network in Bradford, West Yorkshire. They explore sense-making by various actors within this network. Interestingly in this case, this network is not formalised. This contrasts with the earlier work of Todres et al. (2006) where the network ‘WestFocus’ Partnership was formalised. Finally, more recent work by Tallontire and Nelson (2013), examine developments in the global fair trade movement/network	Examples: Early work by Todres et al. (2006) highlighted the importance of “strategic networking” in developing emerging social enterprises. More recent work by Ghalwash et al. (2017) identifies not only the significance of social entrepreneur’s networks in motivating their activity but also the important role networking activity and domestic and international networks can play for social entrepreneurs to acquire resources, achieve legitimacy and in social value creation	Examples: Smith and Stevens (2010) argue that the embeddedness of the social entrepreneur and social enterprise, which is in turn affected by geographic factors, has implications for their selection of social entrepreneurial pursuits. They also suggest that degree of structural embeddedness influence processes of measuring and scaling social value creation. In a second example, Jenner and Oprescu (2016) examine the social capital of social enterprise and the opportunities stemming from this for collaboration and sustainability	Examples: Hazenberg et al. (2016) examine the emergence of social enterprise ecosystems drawing upon stakeholder network perspectives and biological evolutionary theory. Baringa (2017) explores through a framework of ANT the nascent organising of social entrepreneurial ventures

Network as the empirical focus	Social entrepreneur networking activities	Social enterprise network compositions and implications	Networks and social enterprise/social entrepreneurship processes
Todres et al. (2006), Seanor and Meaton (2007, 2008); Squazzoni (2009); Scott and Laine (2011); McKague and Tinsley (2012); Tallontire and Nelson (2013); Toivonen (2016)	Todres et al. (2006), Chell (2007), Seanor and Meaton (2007, 2008), Ryzin et al. (2009), Ghalwash et al. (2017), Rakic et al. (2017), Grohs et al. (2017), Jammulamadaka et al. (2018)	Smith and Stevens (2010), Bradley et al. (2012), Meyskens et al. (2009, 2013), Jenner (2016); Jenner and Oprescu (2016), Scheuerle and Schmitz (2016), Tasavori et al. (2018)	Somerville and McElwee (2011), Lehner (2014), Christopoulos and Vogl (2014), Qureshi, et al. (2016), Hazenberg et al. (2016), Pret and Carter (2017), Barinaga (2017)
Examples: Seanor and Meaton (2007) examine what they describe as a social enterprise network in Bradford, West Yorkshire. They explore sense-making by various actors within this network. Interestingly in this case, this network is not formalised. This contrasts with the earlier work of Todres et al. (2006) where the network ‘WestFocus’ Partnership was formalised. Finally, more recent work by Tallontire and Nelson (2013), examine developments in the global fair trade movement/network	Examples: Early work by Todres et al. (2006) highlighted the importance of “strategic networking” in developing emerging social enterprises. More recent work by Ghalwash et al. (2017) identifies not only the significance of social entrepreneur’s networks in motivating their activity but also the important role networking activity and domestic and international networks can play for social entrepreneurs to acquire resources, achieve legitimacy and in social value creation	Examples: Smith and Stevens (2010) argue that the embeddedness of the social entrepreneur and social enterprise, which is in turn affected by geographic factors, has implications for their selection of social entrepreneurial pursuits. They also suggest that degree of structural embeddedness influence processes of measuring and scaling social value creation. In a second example, Jenner and Oprescu (2016) examine the social capital of social enterprise and the opportunities stemming from this for collaboration and sustainability	Examples: Hazenberg et al. (2016) examine the emergence of social enterprise ecosystems drawing upon stakeholder network perspectives and biological evolutionary theory. Baringa (2017) explores through a framework of ANT the nascent organising of social entrepreneurial ventures