Descriptive statistics of the variables
| Variable | Observations | Mean | Median | SD | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESG rating | 575 | 4.0539 | 4.0000 | 1.5115 | 1.0000 | 7.0000 |
| Tobin's Q | 575 | 2.8438 | 2.2978 | 2.0791 | 0.6038 | 16.1022 |
| Debt-to-equity ratio (DOT) | 575 | 1.1275 | 0.7545 | 1.6810 | −9.0381 | 14.3800 |
| Return-on-capital-employed (ROCE) | 575 | 0.1329 | 0.1109 | 0.1458 | −0.8072 | 1.6496 |
| Company size (Size) | 575 | 10.5638 | 10.5414 | 0.5956 | 8.9226 | 12.3541 |
| Variable | Observations | Mean | Median | SD | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESG rating | 575 | 4.0539 | 4.0000 | 1.5115 | 1.0000 | 7.0000 |
| Tobin's Q | 575 | 2.8438 | 2.2978 | 2.0791 | 0.6038 | 16.1022 |
| Debt-to-equity ratio (DOT) | 575 | 1.1275 | 0.7545 | 1.6810 | −9.0381 | 14.3800 |
| Return-on-capital-employed (ROCE) | 575 | 0.1329 | 0.1109 | 0.1458 | −0.8072 | 1.6496 |
| Company size (Size) | 575 | 10.5638 | 10.5414 | 0.5956 | 8.9226 | 12.3541 |